Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39439242›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2024

Ferroelectric Smectic C Liquid Crystal Phase with Spontaneous Polarization in the Direction of the Director.

Hirotsugu Kikuchi, Hiroya Nishikawa, Hiroyuki Matsukizono, Shunpei Iino, Takeharu Sugiyama, Toshio Ishioka, Yasushi Okumura

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Electrically Tunable Heliconical Smectic Superstructure in Polar Fluids.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
  2. Design Principles for Fluid Molecular Ferroelectrics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Twist Grain Boundary Phases in Proper Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals Realm.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hirotsugu KikuchiInstitute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3006-8121
Hiroya NishikawaRIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
Hiroyuki MatsukizonoInstitute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.
Shunpei IinoInterdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.
Takeharu SugiyamaResearch Center for Synchrotron Light Applications, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.
Toshio IshiokaInterdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.
Yasushi OkumuraInstitute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London JP 23H00303Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London JP23K17366
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the previous study, the existence of an unidentified ferroelectric smectic phase is demonstrated in the low-temperature region of the ferroelectric smectic A phase, where the layer spacing decreases with decreasing temperature. In the present study, the phase is identified by taking 2D X-ray diffraction images of a magnetically oriented sample while allowing it to rotate and constructed a 3D reciprocal space with the sample rotation angle as the third axis for the whole picture of the reciprocal lattice vectors originating from the smectic structure. Consequently, circular diffraction images are obtained when the reciprocal lattice vectors are evenly distributed on the conical surface at a certain inclination angle in the reciprocal space. This result provides clear evidence that the phase in question is smectic C. The polarization properties also showed that the observed smectic C phase has spontaneous polarization in the direction parallel to the director and is identified as ferroelectric smectic C. These results provide a new type of classification for liquid crystalline phases that has been established over many years and is a significant contribution to the basic science of soft matter research.

Indexed as

ferroelectric liquid crystalsferroelectric smectic Cpolarization switching

Identifiers

PMID39439242
PMCPMC11615755

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.