ArticleBMJ open2024
Virtual reality-guided mindfulness intervention to enhance psychosocial well-being in caregivers of end-stage kidney disease patients: protocol for a mixed-methods pilot randomised controlled trial.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06479200 (Protocol for Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Protocol for Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial: Virtual Reality-Guided Mindfulness Intervention on Psychosocial Well-Being of End-Stage Kidney Disease Caregivers
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Implementing electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Chronic Kidney Disease: a qualitative systematic review of barriers, enablers, and mechanisms.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Pooled it
- A randomized controlled trial of virtual reality-based relaxation to reduce pre-exam stress among nursing students.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Caregiver Perspectives for Pediatric Patients with Acute Kidney Injury on Dialysis: A Narrative Review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Review
- Physicians' perceptions and attitudes on artificial intelligence in hospital management: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Virtual reality interventions to reduce social isolation in older adults: a protocol for systematic review.BMJ open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCaregivers of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) face significant challenges that contribute to caregiver burden, negatively impacting their psychosocial well-being. Virtual-reality (VR)-guided mindfulness interventions have shown promise in reducing stress, anxiety and depression in various populations. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This pilot study aims to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a VR-guided mindfulness intervention for ESKD caregivers. A single-centre, single-blind, parallel-group pilot randomised controlled trial will be conducted. Thirty ESKD caregivers will be randomly allocated to either the VR-guided mindfulness intervention group or the sham VR control group. The intervention group will receive a 6 week home-based VR-guided mindfulness programme, while the control group will view relaxing nature videos without mindfulness content. Participants will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention (6 weeks) and follow-up (12 weeks) using validated questionnaires for caregiver burden (Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI)), stress, anxiety, depression (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21)), quality of life (36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)) and mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)). Feasibility outcomes include accrual rates, retention, adherence, questionnaire completion and side effect rates. Semi-structured interviews will explore participants' experiences with the intervention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the NHG Domain Specific Review Board (Reference: 2024-3940-APP1). The results of this pilot study will be reported in peer-reviewed open-access journals and shared with participants and stakeholders.
trial registrationNCT06479200.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.