Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39437266›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025

Clomiphene Citrate Medication for Infertility and Risk of Stillbirth or Neonatal Death: A Population-based Cohort Study.

Vivienne Moore, Alice Rumbold, Renae Fernandez, Heather McElroy, Lynette Moore, Lynne Giles, Luke Grzeskowiak, Elizabeth Roughead, Michael Stark, Darryl Russell and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Vivienne MooreSchool of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-9505-6450
Alice RumboldRobinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-4453-9425
Renae FernandezRobinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2617-2989
Heather McElroyAdelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia.
Lynette MooreAdelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia.
Lynne GilesSchool of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-9054-9088
Luke GrzeskowiakSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-8554-4696
Elizabeth RougheadQuality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-6811-8991
Michael StarkRobinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1835-8679
Darryl RussellRobinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-4930-7658
Michael DaviesRobinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1526-0801

Funding

Channel 7 Children's Research Foundation CRF-210323National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia 1147683
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess associations between clomiphene citrate (CC) use and perinatal death.

designWhole of population data linkage cohort.

settingSouth Australia.

participantsAll women giving birth between July 2003 and December 2015 (n = 242,077).

methodsAll births of at least 20 weeks were linked to government records of dispensed medications. A pregnancy was considered exposed to CC if a prescription was dispensed from 90 days before through to the end of a conception window. Descriptive statistics for stillbirths and neonatal deaths were stratified by multiplicity. For singletons, multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association of CC exposure with the combined outcome of perinatal death.

main outcome measuresStillbirths and neonatal deaths (with 28 days of birth) combined as perinatal deaths.

resultsAmong singletons, the prevalence of stillbirth was 6.6 per 1000 births, with neonatal deaths of 2.1 per 1000 live births. Among singletons conceived with CC, stillbirth and neonatal death had a prevalence of 10.2 and 3.1 per 1000, respectively. For the combined outcome of perinatal death, the odds ratio was 1.54 (95% confidence interval 1.15, 2.07), stable upon adjustment for factors conveying biological (eg, obesity, pregestational diabetes) and social (eg, disadvantage) risks for perinatal death.

conclusionRisk of perinatal death may be increased in pregnancies that follow use of CC. While established confounding factors related to infertility were taken into account, there may be some residual contribution of underlying infertility.

Indexed as

ClomipheneFertility Agents, FemaleInfertility, FemalePerinatal DeathStillbirthAdultCohort StudiesFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornPregnancyPrevalenceRisk FactorsSouth AustraliaYoung AdultClomipheneFertility Agents, Femaleclomiphene citrateneonatal deathperinatal deathpolycystic ovary syndromestillbirth

Identifiers

PMID39437266
PMCPMC12187191

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.