ArticleJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2025
Prevalence and associations of insomnia after COVID-19 infection.
Article in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Four year mortality and quality of life after ICU treatment for COVID 19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of insomnia among adults in Anhui Province, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence, Severity, Concomitant Factors, and Natural Trajectory of Insomnia in Patients with Long COVID.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Case Report: A case of post-viral inflammatory insomnia: observed sleep restoration associated with histamine-targeted interventions and implications for mast cell pathways.Frontiers in sleep · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesSleep disturbances in "long COVID" are common, but the associations between the severity of sleep problems and the severity of COVID infection are unclear. We evaluated the prevalence, persistence, comorbidities, and clinical effects of insomnia following recovery from acute COVID-19 infection in a COVID-specific clinic.
methodsInpatients discharged after COVID infection and outpatients referred for persistent post-COVID symptoms were surveyed on insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index), other neuropsychological symptoms, cardiopulmonary symptoms and physiological functions (6-minute walk distance and others), and functional outcome and quality of life. Multivariable regression models evaluated the severity of Insomnia Severity Index against independent variables.
resultsA total of 280 patients met criteria at the initial visit. The prevalence of significant insomnia at the initial visit was 50% and 42% at the subsequent visit (obtained in 78 of the 280 patients). Lower age, female sex, non-White race, and non-Hispanic ethnicity were significantly associated with worse initial Insomnia Severity Index scores. More severe symptoms of anxiety and depression were strong correlates with worse Insomnia Severity Index scores. Interval improvements in insomnia severity correlated with improvements in anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder scores. Physiological sequelae of infection did not correlate with insomnia at any stage.
conclusionsInitial and persistent insomnia is common in long COVID. Treatment for insomnia with the use of evidence-based approaches (such as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia) may best suit this particular post-COVID symptom. CITATION: Kadl A, Davis EM, Oliver SF, et al. Prevalence and associations of insomnia after COVID-19 infection.
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