ArticlemSystems2024
Evolution and maintenance of a large multidrug-resistant plasmid in a
Article in mSystems, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Transferable IncHI2-AssociatedFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genomic and phenotypic heterogeneity of Klebsiella aerogenes in a single host: plasmid loss and tissue-specific virulence gene expression during host adaptation.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial resistance and genomic characteristics of nontyphoidal Salmonella strains from diarrheal patients in Shandong, China.Gut pathogens · 2026Article
- Rapid growth phenotype of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae: growth fitness, stability, and mechanistic insights.BMC genomics · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through plasmids is a major mechanism for the development of bacterial antimicrobial resistance. The adaptation and evolution mechanisms of multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmids with their hosts are not fully understood. Herein, we conducted experimental evolution of a 244 kb MDR plasmid (pJXP9) under various conditions including no antibiotics and mono- or combinational drug treatments of colistin (CS), cefotaxime (CTX), and ciprofloxacin (CIP). Our results showed that long-term with or without positive selections for pJXP9, spanning approximately 600 generations, led to modifications of the plasmid-encoded MDR and conjugative transfer regions. These modifications could mitigate the fitness cost of plasmid carriage and enhance plasmid maintenance. The extent of plasmid modifications and the evolution of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance depended on treatment type, particularly the drug class and duration of exposure. Interestingly, prolonged exposure to mono- and combinational drugs of CS and CIP resulted in a substantial loss of the plasmid-encoded MDR region and antibiotic resistance, comparable to the selection condition without antibiotic. By contrast, combinational treatment with CTX contributed to the maintenance of the MDR region over a long period of time. Furthermore, drug selection was able to maintain and even amplify the corresponding plasmid-encoded ARGs, with co-selection of ARGs in the adjacent regions. In addition, parallel mutations in chromosomal
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