SynthesisFrontiers in allergy2024
The effect of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota in children - a systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in allergy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Microbiota Signatures in Early Life and Their Association With Food Allergy: A Systematic Review.Allergy · 2026Pooled it
- Antibiotic treatment for non-specific upper respiratory tract infections and exacerbation risk in children with asthma: a target trial emulation study.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Sleep, Stress, Circadian Rhythm, and Diet in Pediatric Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Antibiotic overuse in children with viral infections: lessons from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Impact of co-amoxiclav versus amoxicillin on the gastrointestinal microbiota in sub-Saharan children hospitalized with pneumonia.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Review
- Antibiotic and healthcare exposure impact on dynamics of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales colonisation in Cambodian children: a six-month cohort study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Evaluating adverse events of antibacterials in infants: insights from FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) data.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Early-life antibiotics and childhood allergy: a multi-center cohort.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Article
- Trends in primary care antibiotic prescribing during the implementation of national stewardship policies: Türkiye, 2011-2019.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Childhood asthma and the microbiome: from gut-lung axis mechanisms to precision prevention strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence empowers gut microbiota research in neurodegenerative diseases molecular mechanisms and precision therapy.iScience · 2025Review
- Age-dependent patterns of the gut microbiome, antibiotic resistome, and pathogenicity in captive koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus).Communications biology · 2025Article
- The Pediatric Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Development and Intervention.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Continuous Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Vesicoureteral Reflux: Impact on the Pediatric Microbiome-A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Children are the age group with the highest exposure to antibiotics (ABX). ABX treatment changes the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The first few years of life are crucial for the establishment of a healthy microbiota and consequently, disturbance of the microbiota during this critical period may have far-reaching consequences. In this review, we summarise studies that have investigated the effect of ABX on the composition of the intestinal microbiota in children. Methods: According to the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was done using MEDLINE and Embase to identify original studies that have investigated the effect of systemic ABX on the composition of the intestinal microbiota in children. Results: We identified 89 studies investigating a total of 9,712 children (including 4,574 controls) and 14,845 samples. All ABX investigated resulted in a reduction in alpha diversity, either when comparing samples before and after ABX or children with ABX and controls. Following treatment with penicillins, the decrease in alpha diversity persisted for up to 6-12 months and with macrolides, up to the latest follow-up at 12-24 months. After ABX in the neonatal period, a decrease in alpha diversity was still found at 36 months. Treatment with penicillins, penicillins plus gentamicin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, macrolides, and aminoglycosides, but not trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, was associated with decreased abundances of beneficial bacteria including Actinobacteria, Conclusion: ABX have profound effects on the intestinal microbiota of children, with notable differences between ABX classes. Macrolides have the most substantial impact while trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole has the least pronounced effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.