ReviewWorld neurosurgery: X2025
Exoscope-assisted spine surgery: Current applications and future directions-A short review.
Review in World neurosurgery: X, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Exoscope-assisted far-lateral approach for a retro-odontoid pseudotumor in the lateral position without fusion: a technical case report.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spine surgery is a critical field that seeks to alleviate pain and restore function in patients with various spinal pathologies. Over the years, spine surgery has seen advancements such as minimally invasive techniques with operative microscopes and robotic surgeries. These techniques, however, demand better visualisation during the procedure. Recently, exoscope-assisted spine surgery has emerged as a promising technological advancement that may revolutionise the field due to its ability to facilitate precise and advanced visualisation techniques that ensure successful outcomes in spine surgeries. The application of exoscopes have improved spine surgeries such as spinal fusion procedures, decompression surgeries, instrumentation surgeries, minimally invasive and complex surgeries. These improvements include enhanced visualisation, improved ergonomics, improved surgical precision, reduced operation times and postoperative infection rates. The integration of robotics in exoscope-assisted spine surgery enables autofocus function, ensuring the integrity of the sterile field, providing superior image quality, resolution and three-dimensional perception. However, challenges such as decrease in depth perception and the lack of long-term follow-up data hinder its widespread adoption. Ethical considerations regarding patient safety, technology dependency, and health inequity add another dimension to these challenges. Despite these challenges, exoscope-assisted spine surgery holds significant potential for transforming clinical practice and improving patient outcomes. This review seeks to provide a concise overview of the benefits and limits of exoscope-assisted spine surgeries, while highlighting its challenges and ethical considerations. Addressing these limitations by conducting large-scale clinical trials and exploring the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) could assist in realising the potential of exoscopes in spine surgery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.