ArticleCureus2024
Optimizing Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Screening: Urine Sample Analysis and Associated Factors in Uzbekistan.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Agreement and Diagnostic Performance of Urinary HPV Testing Versus Clinician-Collected Cervico-Vaginal Sampling: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study in a Romanian Cohort.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of high-risk HPV in Uzbekistan among 44,000 women - genotypes, risk profiles and screening needs in Uzbekistan.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective This study assessed the accuracy of detecting Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in urine samples compared to cervical samples and identified factors associated with HPV DNA positivity in Uzbekistan. Methods A total of 218 paired urine and cervical samples were collected from women in Uzbekistan. HPV DNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with genotyping. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Cohen's Kappa coefficient were calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with HPV DNA positivity. Results The study included 32.6% (71/218) positive HPV DNA by cervical samples, which demonstrated 19.7% (43/218) HPV DNA presence by urine samples. Urine HPV testing had a sensitivity of 57.7%, specificity of 98.6%, PPV of 95.3%, NPV of 82.9%, and Kappa coefficient of 60.1. To reveal factors associated with HPV DNA positivity, we set the positive 71 cases as the main group, and 147 negative samples as the control group. The results of the multivariate analysis found the association between HPV DNA positivity and included age 31-40 years (AOR=8.2), working as medical staff (AOR=7.51), condom use (AOR=0.12), having foamy (AOR=7.26) or purulent (AOR=6.84) vaginal discharge. Conclusion Urine HPV testing showed good agreement with cervical samples, although sensitivity was lower than some previous reports. Several sociodemographic and clinical factors were associated with HPV DNA positivity. Further optimization of urine collection, storage, and testing methods may improve sensitivity. Targeted screening of high-risk groups could enhance HPV prevention strategies in Uzbekistan.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.