ReviewNature reviews. Chemistry2024
Reprogramming the genetic code with flexizymes.
Review in Nature reviews. Chemistry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- De Novo Discovery of Nonstandard Thioisoindole-Bridged Bicyclic Peptides Targeting Traf2- and NCK-Interacting Kinase.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Design, Synthesis, and Applications of Fluorescent Amino Acids in Bioimaging.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Review
- EF-P inhibits ribosomal α-hydroxy acid incorporation: strategic tRNA body selection for co-incorporating α-hydroxy acids and nonproteinogenic amino acids into depsipeptides.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Enhancing ribosomal translation of backbone-altering nonproteinogenic amino acids via YebC and YeeN.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Artificial initiation codons and engineered initiator tRNAs enable N-terminal noncanonical amino acid incorporation in intact cell-free translation systems.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- RaPID Selection of Backbone Macrocyclic Peptides Targeting Akt2.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- The Alteromonas macleodii ribosome enables consecutive incorporation of bulky D-amino acids into peptides.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- A reprogrammed genetic code consisting of 32 distinct amino acids.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- De novo discovery of bicyclic cysteine-rich peptides targeting gasdermin D.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Ribosomal Synthesis of Topologically Defined Thioisoindole-Bridged Bicyclic Peptides.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Efficient Assembly of Functional RNA byJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Aminoacyl-tRNA Specificity of a Ligase Catalyzing Non-ribosomal Peptide Extension.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- PEARLs of wisdom for ribosome-independent peptide bond synthesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the canonical genetic code, the 61 sense codons are assigned to the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. Advancements in genetic code manipulation techniques have enabled the ribosomal incorporation of nonproteinogenic amino acids (npAAs). The critical molecule for translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into peptide sequences is aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA), which recognizes the mRNA codon through its anticodon. Because aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are highly specific for their respective amino acid-tRNA pairs, it is not feasible to use natural ARSs to prepare npAA-tRNAs. However, flexizymes are adaptable aminoacylation ribozymes that can be used to prepare diverse aminoacyl-tRNAs at will using amino acids activated with suitable leaving groups. Regarding recognition elements, flexizymes require only an aromatic ring in either the leaving group or side chain of the activated amino acid, and the conserved 3'-end CCA of the tRNA. Therefore, flexizymes allow virtually any amino acid to be charged onto any tRNA. The flexizyme system can handle not only L-α-amino acids with side chain modifications but also various backbone-modified npAAs. This Review describes the development of flexizyme variants and discusses their structure and mechanism and their applications in genetic code reprogramming for the synthesis of unique peptides and proteins.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.