Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39433570›Full record

Observational studyEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2025

Comparison of infrared thermography of the face between mouth-breathing and nasal-breathing children.

Amanda Freitas Valentim, Andréa Rodrigues Motta, Júlia Ana Soares Silva, Renata Maria Moreira Moraes Furlan, Matheus Pereira Porto, Helena Maria Gonçalves Becker, Letícia Paiva Franco, Ana Cristina Côrtes Gama

Abstract readObservational StudyComparative Study
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In one paragraph

Observational study in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Amanda Freitas ValentimChildren and Adolescent Health at the Federal, University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. amandafvalentim@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6389-226X
Andréa Rodrigues MottaDepartment of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Júlia Ana Soares SilvaFederal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Renata Maria Moreira Moraes FurlanDepartment of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Matheus Pereira PortoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Helena Maria Gonçalves BeckerDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Letícia Paiva FrancoDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Ana Cristina Côrtes GamaDepartment of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Funding

CAPES 001Fapemig Fapemig
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo compare the temperature of thermoanatomic points and areas of the upper and lower lips between mouth-breathing and nasal-breathing children.

methodsThis cross-sectional observational study had a sample of 30 nasal-breathing and 30 mouth-breathing children aged 4 to 11 years. One front-view, one left-view, and one right-view infrared thermogram of the face were acquired from each participant. A total of 14 thermoanatomic points plus the upper lip and lower lip areas were marked on the front-view thermograms, while on the side-view thermograms, six thermoanatomic points were marked. The research also calculated the difference between the temperature of the upper and lower lip areas (∆T area) and between the temperature of the points on the upper and lower lips (∆T points). The normalized mean temperatures of points and areas and temperature differences were compared between groups with the t-test and Mann-Whitney test.

resultsThe temperature of the thermoanatomic points closest to the lip (nasolabial, Labial Commissure, and lower labial), areas of the lips, and external acoustic meatus was lower in mouth breathers than in nasal breathers, which did not happen for most other points. ∆T area and ∆T points were not different between the groups.

conclusionThermography is a promising complementary diagnostic tool, since showed mouth-breathing children had lower temperatures in the region of the lips than nasal breathers.

Indexed as

FaceLipMouth BreathingThermographyChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInfrared RaysMaleChildFaceLipMouth breathingTemperatureThermography

Identifiers

PMID39433570

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.