Research progress and mitigation strategies for pod shattering resistance in rapeseed.

Background: Mature rapeseed pods typically shatter when harvested, resulting in approximately 8-12% yield loss. Adverse weather conditions and mechanized harvesting can diminish pod yield by up to 50%, primarily owing to delays in harvesting and mechanical collisions. The pod shatter resistance index (PSRI) assesses pod damage. Recent research focused on comparing pod shatter resistance among varieties, evaluating methods, and studying gene knockout mechanisms. However, there remains a pressing need to broaden the scope of research. In particular, it is essential to recognize that pod shatter, a complex trait, influenced by genetics, environment, agronomic practices, and harvest techniques. Future studies should integrate these factors to develop comprehensive strategies to mitigate pod shatter, enhancing rapeseed yields and agricultural mechanization. This review explores factors affecting pod shatter resistance and strategies to improve it. Methodology: Scoping literature review that adhered to the methodological framework for systematic reviews was performed using search engines such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. This review aimed to identify pertinent articles, which were subsequently subjected to thorough screening and evaluation. The protocol for this literature review involved the following key steps: definition of research questions, development of a search strategy, development of data extraction strategy, synthesis of the extracted data, and organization and analysis of the extracted data. Results: The review presents strategies for enhancing rapeseed yield during mechanized harvesting, focusing on four key areas: (i) selecting and breeding shatter-resistant varieties using DNA markers to establish a robust germplasm resource; (ii) optimizing cultivation technologies and agronomic measures to elicit favorable interactions between compact plant-type genotypes and the environment, thereby facilitating nutrient-related regulatory mechanisms of rapeseed pods to improve pod dry weight and resistance; (iii) innovating combine header design and structure to better suit rapeseed harvesting; and (iv) providing training for operators to enhance their harvesting skills. These comprehensive measures aim to minimize yield loss, increase production efficiency. Conclusion: To effectively reduce yield loss during mechanized harvesting of rapeseed, it is crucial to enhance resistance to pod shattering by addressing both internal physiological factors and external environmental conditions. This requires a holistic approach that includes genetic improvements, optimization of ecological conditions, careful cultivation management, and precise harvesting timing, along with ongoing research into traits related to machine harvesting to boost production efficiency and sustainability.