ArticleInternational journal of bullying prevention : an official publication of the International Bullying Prevention Association2024
Are Confident Parents Really Aware of Children's Online Risks? A Conceptual Model and Validation of Parental Self-Efficacy, Mediation, and Awareness Scales.
Article in International journal of bullying prevention : an official publication of the International Bullying Prevention Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Digital play addiction tendency in 5- to 6-year-old children: the role of parental mediation strategies in Russia and Türkiye.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Navigating the digital frontier: protecting adolescents in the age of mobile internet.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- The Reciprocal Relationship Between Parental eHealth Literacy Mediation and Adolescents' eHealth Literacy: Three-Wave Longitudinal Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Children's use of the Internet comes with both risks and opportunities. To minimize risks and maximize opportunities, parents may choose to observe, enable, and/or restrict their children's Internet use. However, parents' high confidence in their children's online safety can itself be a risk factor inhibiting parental awareness of online risks. This research aims to test whether confident parents are accurately aware of how frequently their child has experienced risks online. To this end, construct validity and reliability of scales measuring parental self-efficacy, restrictive-enabling-observant mediation, awareness, and Internet use were established first. Next, a conceptual model of parental awareness was proposed. These results were based on a two-parameter-logistic-model of item response theory, minimum-rank factor analysis, and parallel-mediation analysis of self-reports by a convenience sample of 388 parents in Ireland (Autumn 2019). Confident parents mostly reported their child experienced no online risk in the past couple of months, whereas unconfident parents reported their child experienced an online risk once, twice, or more times. Results of the mediation analysis indicated that confident parents likely underestimated, whereas unconfident parents overestimated, how frequently their child experienced an online risk. The accuracy of parental awareness depended on their mediation strategies, particularly restrictive mediation. Further research is needed to test whether training parents on self-efficacy and mediation of children's Internet use raises their awareness of the children's online risks.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.