Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39428114›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2026

Sex Differences in Subclinical Psychotic Experiences: The Role of Daily-Life Social Interactions.

Zeynep Akcaoglu, Inez Myin-Germeys, Thomas Vaessen, Julie J Janssens, Martien Wampers, Eva Bamps, Ginette Lafit, Olivia J Kirtley, Robin Achterhof

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Zeynep AkcaogluDepartment of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-8619-6301
Inez Myin-GermeysDepartment of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Thomas VaessenDepartment of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Julie J JanssensDepartment of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Martien WampersDepartment of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Eva BampsDepartment of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Ginette LafitDepartment of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Olivia J KirtleyDepartment of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Robin AchterhofDepartment of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Funding

King Baudouin Foundation United States 2020-J5200810-E0XXResearch Foundation Flanders FWO GOF8416N
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background and hypothesisSex differences in psychosis are reported across the psychosis spectrum, including in subclinical stages. An important factor in understanding these variations is the subjective experience of everyday social interactions (SI). We investigated whether the presence of psychotic experiences (PEs), as well as associated distress, differs between men and women. We focused on the role of daily-life SI quality and whether its association with PEs varies by sex. STUDY

designWe included adolescents from SIGMA, a general youth population study in Flanders, Belgium (n = 344; mean age = 18.7; 63.4% female). Psychotic experiences were measured using the PQ-16. We used Experience Sampling Methodology to assess daily-life SI. A multilevel model and multiple linear regressions were used to assess, respectively, the relationship between sex and SI quality and whether PEs and their association with SI quality differ between young men and women. STUDY

resultsThe results of the multilevel linear regression model indicate that the prevalence of and distress associated with PEs were higher in women. No significant difference was observed in the subjective quality of daily SI. Social interaction quality was strongly related to PEs. This association did not seem to vary for the prevalence of PEs, though women's distress about PEs appeared to be more affected by SI quality.

conclusionsPresent findings highlight the role of the subjective quality of SI in subclinical psychosis. More research is needed to investigate the mechanisms through which SI quality relates to PEs, and whether these differ between young men and women.

Indexed as

Psychological DistressPsychotic DisordersSocial InteractionAdolescentAdultBelgiumFemaleHumansMaleSex FactorsYoung Adultexperience sampling methodologygendergeneral populationpsychosissocial companyyouth mental health

Identifiers

PMID39428114
PMCPMC12996914

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.