Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39426845›Full record

ArticleUltrasound in medicine & biology2025

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of Mouse Models of Hindlimb Ischemia Reveals Persistent Perfusion Deficits and Distinctive Muscle Perfusion Patterns.

Alyssa B Becker, Lanlin Chen, John A Hossack, Alexander L Klibanov, Brian H Annex, Brent A French

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Ultrasound in medicine & biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Alyssa B BeckerDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Lanlin ChenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
John A HossackDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Alexander L KlibanovDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Brian H AnnexDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Brent A FrenchDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. Electronic address: bf4g@virginia.edu.

Funding

Clinical Phenotyping and Disease Specific Sampling to Identify Non-coding RNAs for Human Therapeutics in PADR01HL150003 · NHLBI · AUGUSTA UNIVERSITY · PI ANNEX, BRIAN H, MCCLUNG, JOSEPH MATTHEW · 2020 to 2023
$3.0M
Precision Medicine for Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Targeting of the IL21R PathwayR01HL148590 · NHLBI · AUGUSTA UNIVERSITY · PI ANNEX, BRIAN H · 2019 to 2022
$2.9M
A Bioengineering Approach to Gene Therapy for Peripheral Arterial DiseaseR01HL116455 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI ANNEX, BRIAN H, FRENCH, BRENT A · 2014 to 2017
$2.7M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL116455NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL148590NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL150003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveMouse models of hindlimb ischemia (HLI) are used to study peripheral arterial disease and evaluate novel therapies. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a noninvasive perfusion measurement technique that is increasingly being employed in these models. The objective of this study was to evaluate two models of severe HLI by CEUS to characterize perfusion recovery and muscle perfusion patterns.

methodsMice undergoing double femoral artery ligation were measured by CEUS and laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) at baseline and 1-150 d postsurgery. A second group undergoing femoral artery ligation and excision was measured 1-28 d postsurgery.

resultsBy LDPI, both surgeries showed robust perfusion recovery by 14 d postsurgery. However, by CEUS only a ∼40% perfusion recovery plateau was reached in either group. These results are consistent with our previous work, employing a less severe single femoral artery ligation, that showed perfusion in the ischemic limb does not return to normal by 150 d postsurgery. Cluster analysis of muscle perfusion patterns indicated 3-5 different patterns at day 1 postsurgery. The double ligation model yielded significantly less variable perfusion patterns, suggesting that it can provide more reproducible results.

conclusionContrary to LDPI, perfusion as measured by CEUS never fully recovers after hindlimb surgery, even when followed 28-150 d postsurgery. Individual mice can manifest different patterns of muscle perfusion to the same surgery, but these patterns are conserved within and between different surgical techniques. These results may have significant implications for the evaluation of novel therapeutics to treat PAD in mice.

Indexed as

Contrast MediaDisease Models, AnimalHindlimbIschemiaMuscle, SkeletalUltrasonographyAnimalsBlood Flow VelocityImage EnhancementMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLContrast MediaIschemiaPerfusion imagingPeripheral arterial diseaseUltrasound

Identifiers

PMID39426845
PMCPMC12370005

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.