Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39424951›Full record

ArticleNature nanotechnology2025

Linearly programmable two-dimensional halide perovskite memristor arrays for neuromorphic computing.

Seung Ju Kim, In Hyuk Im, Ji Hyun Baek, Sungkyun Choi, Sung Hyuk Park, Da Eun Lee, Jae Young Kim, Soo Young Kim, Nam-Gyu Park, Donghwa Lee and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature nanotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Lattice Disorder in CuI Enables Filament-Free Transparent Memristors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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  5. Review
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  7. Two-terminal β-GaLight, science & applications · 2026
    Article
  8. Diffusive memristors in the edge of chaos.Nature communications · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
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  11. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Seung Ju KimDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-0405-803X
In Hyuk ImDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8963-7213
Ji Hyun BaekDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2538-2354
Sungkyun ChoiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Sung Hyuk ParkDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0105-6025
Da Eun LeeDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jae Young KimDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Soo Young KimDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-7991
Nam-Gyu ParkSchool of Chemical Engineering, Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2368-6300
Donghwa LeeDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea. donghwa96@postech.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-3648
J Joshua YangMing Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. jjoshuay@usc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8242-7531
Ho Won JangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. hwjang@snu.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-7359

Funding

National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) 2021R1A2B5B03001851National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) 2022R1A6A3A1306017211National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) RS-2024-00405016National Science Foundation (NSF) 2023752
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The exotic properties of three-dimensional halide perovskites, such as mixed ionic-electronic conductivity and feasible ion migration, have enabled them to challenge traditional memristive materials. However, the poor moisture stability and difficulty in controlling ion transport due to their polycrystalline nature have hindered their use as a neuromorphic hardware. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have emerged as promising artificial synapses owing to their phase versatility, microstructural anisotropy in electrical and optoelectronic properties, and excellent moisture resistance. However, their asymmetrical and nonlinear conductance changes still limit the efficiency of training and accuracy of inference. Here we achieve highly linear and symmetrical conductance changes in Dion-Jacobson 2D perovskites. We further build a 7 × 7 crossbar array based on analogue perovskite synapses, achieving a high device yield, low variation with synaptic weight storing capability, multi-level analogue states with long retention, and moisture stability over 7 months. We explore the potential of such devices in large-scale image inference via simulations and show an accuracy within 0.08% of the theoretical limit. The excellent device performance is attributed to the elimination of gaps between inorganic layers, allowing the halide vacancies to migrate homogeneously regardless of grain boundaries. This was confirmed by first-principles calculations and experimental analysis.

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.