ArticleNature communications2024
The socioeconomic and environmental niche of protected areas reveals global conservation gaps and opportunities.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dual-constraint spatial planning unlocks proactive blue carbon expansion across China's coastlines.Environmental science and ecotechnology · 2026Article
- Article
- Marine protected areas marginally offset anthropogenic declines in tropical reef fish contributions to nature and people.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- Article
- Balancing environmental benefits and accessibility for national park buffer zones in China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Spatial Insurance of Distinct Ecological Functions.Ecology letters · 2025Article
- Vulnerability Assessment of Six Endemic Tibetan-Himalayan Plants Under Climate Change and Human Activities.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The global network of protected areas has rapidly expanded in the past decade and is expected to cover at least 30% of land and sea by 2030 to halt biodiversity erosion. Yet, the distribution of protected areas is highly heterogeneous on Earth and the social-environmental preconditions enabling or hindering protected area establishment remain poorly understood. Here, using fourteen socioeconomic and environmental factors, we characterize the multidimensional niche of terrestrial and marine protected areas, which we use to accurately establish, at the global scale, whether a particular location has preconditions favourable for paestablishment. We reveal that protected areas, particularly the most restrictive ones, over-aggregate where human development and the number of non-governmental organizations are high. Based on the spatial distribution of vertebrates and the likelihood to convert non-protected areas into strictly protected areas, we identify 'potential' versus 'unrealistic' conservation gains on land and sea, which we define as areas of high vertebrate diversity that are, respectively, favourable and unfavourable to protected area establishment. Where protected areas are unrealistic, alternative strategies such as other effective area-based conservation measures or privately protected areas, could deliver conservation outcomes.
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