ArticleBMJ open2024
Validity and reliability of chemical-based disinfectant use questionnaire in a sample of the Lebanese public community.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hand Sanitizer Use During the Pandemic: Frequency and Health Effects Among Healthcare and Non-Healthcare Professionals.Workplace health & safety · 2026Article
- Validity and reliability of Household Disinfectants-Cleaners Questionnaire (HDCQ) to investigate public awareness and performance in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi.BMC public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionWorldwide, people heavily use chemical-based disinfectants to prevent the spread of COVID-19 with limited or no safety instructions. Awareness about the safe use of chemical-based disinfectants is highly recommended to limit the spread of COVID-19 and to avoid any health risks when misused, especially in developing countries where a poor healthcare system is prominent. Awareness in this context refers to the understanding and knowledge of proper usage, safety protocols and potential health risks associated with chemical disinfectants. Practices refer to the actual behaviours and actions taken when using disinfectants, including frequency of use, methods of application and adherence to safety guidelines.
objectiveThe purpose of this paper is to develop a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess the community level of awareness and practice concerning chemical-based disinfectant use during COVID-19 in Lebanon.
designThe questionnaire was adapted and modified from a previous study held in Iran, in which the questions were generated and developed with content validity ratio and index (CVR and CVI). The study design was divided into the qualitative phase/development of the Disinfectants Use Questionnaire (DUQ) and the quantitative phase/psychometric properties of the DUQ. The questionnaire was subjected to face and content validity tests through expert reviews. Data validation, for 130 participants (80.8% females, 85.5% bachelor's degree and above, 80.8% students and 70.8% aged within 30 years), was examined through psychometric properties at the final stage of the validation. CVI for items (I-CVI), scale-level CVI (S-CVI), universal agreement calculation (S-CVI/UA), S-CVI and the average calculation method (S-CVI/Ave), based on I-CVI and based on proportion relevance, were calculated to determine the content validity.
results23 items of the 28-item scale had an I-CVI of 1, and the I-CVI of the remaining five ranged between 0.75 and 0.88. The S-CVI/UA was 0.82 and the S-CVI/Ave was 0.96, which meant that the items were good for the underlying construct. For the psychometric measures, principal axis factoring was performed and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy, Bartlett's test, eigenvalues and total variances were quite accepted and satisfactory.
conclusionThis study showed that DUQ is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating the community level of awareness and practice concerning chemical-based disinfectant use during COVID-19.
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