Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39424074›Full record

ArticleAntiviral research2024

Replication capacity and susceptibility of nirmatrelvir-resistant mutants to next-generation Mpro inhibitors in a SARS-CoV-2 replicon system.

Chieh-Wen Lo, Omri Kariv, Chenzhou Hao, Karen Anbro Gammeltoft, Jens Bukh, Judith Gottwein, Michael Westberg, Michael Z Lin, Shirit Einav

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antiviral research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. The Redesign of the Molecular Scaffold of Viral Ion Channel Blockers.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Discovery of benzyl carbamate inhibitors of coronavirus MJournal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Chieh-Wen LoDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Omri KarivDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Chenzhou HaoDepartment of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Karen Anbro GammeltoftCopenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jens BukhCopenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Judith GottweinCopenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; Copenhagen Hepatitis C Program (CO-HEP), Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Michael WestbergDepartment of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Michael Z LinDepartment of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Shirit EinavDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, CA, USA. Electronic address: seinav@stanford.edu.

Funding

Translation Accelerator CoreU19AI171421 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI JEFFREY S GLENN · 2022 to 2026
$93.4M
Translational Incubator CoreU19AI109662 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GLENN, JEFFREY S · 2014 to 2019
$28.6M
Advancing the development of a novel class of small molecules for treating pan-coronavirus infectionsR01AI158569 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI EINAV, SHIRIT · 2021 to 2025
$3.7M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI158569NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI109662NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI171421
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is an ongoing need to expand the anti-SARS-CoV-2 armamentarium to include agents capable of suppressing replication of drug-resistant mutants emerging during monotherapy with approved direct-acting antivirals. Using a subgenomic SARS-CoV-2 replicon system, we studied the RNA replication capacity of nirmatrelvir (NTV)-resistant mutants and their susceptibility to next-generation Mpro inhibitors, including ibuzatrelvir (ITV), ensitrelvir (ETV), and ML2006a4. Our findings revealed that E166V Mpro mutants reduced viral RNA replication, whereas other Mpro mutations retained or increased the replication capacity, suggesting the potential of the latter to dominate under NTV selective pressure. Except for having an advantage against E166A mutants, ITV largely showed the same mutational sensitivity as NTV. ETV was more effective than NTV against E166V mutants but less effective against S144A, E166A, and L167F mutants. ML2006a4 demonstrated the most effective suppression across most mutants (S144A, E166V, S144A + L50F, E166 A/V + L50F, L167F + L50F, and E166A + L167F + L50F). Thus, ML2006a4 represents an attractive investigational candidate against clinically relevant NTV-resistant SARS-CoV-2 mutants.

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsDrug Resistance, ViralMutationRepliconSARS-CoV-2Virus ReplicationAnimalsChlorocebus aethiopsCOVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentHumansIndazolesLactamsLeucineNitrilesProlineAntiviral AgentsIndazolesLactamsLeucinenirmatrelvirNitrilesProlineRNA, ViralEnsitrelvirIbuzatrelvirML2006a4Mpro inhibitorsNirmatrelvirReplicationResistanceSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID39424074
PMCPMC11578872

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.