ArticleJournal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA2025
Extracting social support and social isolation information from clinical psychiatry notes: comparing a rule-based natural language processing system and a large language model.
Article in Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Applications of Natural Language Processing and Large Language Models for Social Determinants of Health: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Performance and improvement strategies for adapting generative large language models for electronic health record applications: A systematic review.International journal of medical informatics · 2026Pooled it
- Practical Guide to Large Language Models for Information Extraction in Behavioral Health Notes: Tutorial.JMIR mental health · 2026Article
- Fine-tuning large language models for detecting negative self-referential language in smartphone text among youth with depression.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2026Article
- Natural Language Processing Applied to Psychiatric Clinical Notes: Scoping Review.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- A High-Accuracy Rule-Based Algorithm for Automated Extraction of Coronary Artery Calcium Scores from Mixed-Language Radiology Reports.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026Article
- Extracting Social Determinants of Health From Electronic Health Records: Development and Comparison of Rule-Based and Large Language Model Methods.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- Assessment of a Zero-Shot Large Language Model in Measuring Documented Goals-of-Care Discussions.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2026Article
- Privacy-preserving augmentation of structured telehealth activity data in diabetes patients using natural language processing.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence biomarker detects high-risk childhood asthma subgroup for respiratory infections and exacerbations.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of a Natural Language Processing Algorithm Using Electronic Health Record Data to Identify Breast Cancer Patients With Low Social Support.JCO oncology advances · 2025Article
- Improving social determinants of health documentation in French electronic health records using large language models.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Extracting social determinants of health from electronic health records: development and comparison of rule-based and large language models-based methods.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Use of a Novel Natural Language Processing Utility to Extract Structured Data From Free-Text Medical Notes.Cureus · 2025Article
- Schizophrenia, Bipolar, or Major Depressive Disorder and Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Development of a natural language processing algorithm to extract social determinants of health from clinician notes.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2025Article
- A cohort study of predictors of short-term nonfatal suicidal and self-harm events among individuals with mental health disorders treated in the emergency department.Journal of psychiatric research · 2025Article
- Loneliness as a Risk Factor for Time to Care Home Entry for Older Adults Receiving Community Care.Innovation in aging · 2025Article
- Understanding patterns of loneliness in older long-term care users using natural language processing with free text case notes.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesSocial support (SS) and social isolation (SI) are social determinants of health (SDOH) associated with psychiatric outcomes. In electronic health records (EHRs), individual-level SS/SI is typically documented in narrative clinical notes rather than as structured coded data. Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms can automate the otherwise labor-intensive process of extraction of such information. MATERIALS AND
methodsPsychiatric encounter notes from Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS, n = 300) and Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM, n = 225) were annotated to create a gold-standard corpus. A rule-based system (RBS) involving lexicons and a large language model (LLM) using FLAN-T5-XL were developed to identify mentions of SS and SI and their subcategories (eg, social network, instrumental support, and loneliness).
resultsFor extracting SS/SI, the RBS obtained higher macroaveraged F1-scores than the LLM at both MSHS (0.89 versus 0.65) and WCM (0.85 versus 0.82). For extracting the subcategories, the RBS also outperformed the LLM at both MSHS (0.90 versus 0.62) and WCM (0.82 versus 0.81). DISCUSSION AND
conclusionUnexpectedly, the RBS outperformed the LLMs across all metrics. An intensive review demonstrates that this finding is due to the divergent approach taken by the RBS and LLM. The RBS was designed and refined to follow the same specific rules as the gold-standard annotations. Conversely, the LLM was more inclusive with categorization and conformed to common English-language understanding. Both approaches offer advantages, although additional replication studies are warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.