Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39421964›Full record

Trial reportAging cell2025

Two weeks of exercise alters neuronal extracellular vesicle insulin signaling proteins and pro-BDNF in older adults with prediabetes.

Steven K Malin, Daniel J Battillo, Michal S Beeri, Maja Mustapic, Francheska Delgado-Peraza, Dimitrios Kapogiannis

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Aging cell, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07675499 (Effects of Intranasal Insulin Plus Exercise Training on Brain Blood Flow, Neuronal Insulin Signaling, and Cognition in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07675499 phase2 / phase3recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Intranasal Insulin Plus Exercise Training on Brain Blood Flow, Neuronal Insulin Signaling, and Cognition in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorRutgers, The State University of New JerseyRan2026 to 2029Enrolled60ConditionsType 2 Diabetes, Insulin Sensitivity/Resistance, Cognition, Brain Blood FlowArmsIntranasal Insulin, Intranasal Placebo, High Intensity Exercise
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Expanding the understanding of insulin resistance in brain and periphery.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Opposite causal effects of type 2 diabetes and metformin on Alzheimer's disease.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Steven K MalinRutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7360-6711
Daniel J BattilloRutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Michal S BeeriRutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Maja MustapicNational Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Francheska Delgado-PerazaNational Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Dimitrios KapogiannisNational Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2181-3118

Funding

Exercise Dose and Metformin for Vascular Health in Adults with Metabolic SyndromeR01HL130296 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI MALIN, STEVEN K · 2017 to 2021
$3.7M
National Heart and Lung Institute RO1-HL130296NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL130296
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adults with prediabetes are at risk for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia (ADRD). While exercise may lower ADRD risk, the exact mechanism is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that short-term exercise would raise neuronal insulin signaling and pro-BDNF in neuronal extracellular vesicles (nEVs) in prediabetes. Twenty-one older adults (18F, 60.0 ± 8.6 yrs.; BMI: 33.5 ± 1.1 kg/m

Indexed as

ExerciseExtracellular VesiclesInsulinPrediabetic StateSignal TransductionAgedBrain-Derived Neurotrophic FactorFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeuronsBrain-Derived Neurotrophic FactorInsulinagingglucose toleranceinsulin sensitivityobesityphysical activitytype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID39421964
PMCPMC11709104

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.