ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
DNA and RNA vaccines against tuberculosis: a scoping review of human and animal studies.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity toInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- A GM-CSF-Flt3L Fused Adjuvant Enhances Immune Responses and Protective Efficacy of Influenza DNA Vaccine in Mice.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Functional impact of a conservative missense mutation in the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Moreau heat shock response regulator hrcA gene.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- mRNA vaccine development for tuberculosis: antigen design, immune mechanisms, and translational challenges.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccination and the Immune-Brain Axis: Implications for Neuroprotection and Neurodegenerative Disease.Vaccines · 2026Review
- A comprehensive analysis of the use of nucleoside analogues in RNA therapeutics.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Immunoinformatic Design and Evaluation of a Multi-Epitope mRNA Vaccine RP14914P Targeting Latent Tuberculosis Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- New Advances in the Development and Design ofBiology · 2025Review
- Advances in molecular adjuvants for nucleic acid vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Computational epitope profiling and AI-driven protein engineering enable rational design of multi-epitope vaccines againstComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Current Progress in the Development of mRNA Vaccines Against Bacterial Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A Cap-Optimized mRNA Encoding Multiepitope Antigen ESAT6 Induces Robust Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses AgainstVaccines · 2024Article
- Bioinformatics Analysis and Immunogenicity Assessment of the Novel Multi-Stage DNA Vaccine W541 Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: To comprehensively identify and provide an overview of Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, selected Web of Science and ProQuest databases, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY.RU, PROSPERO, OSF Registries, Cochrane CENTRAL, EU Clinical Trials Register, clinicaltrials.gov, and others through WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal, AVMA and CABI databases, bioRxiv, medRxiv, and others through OSF Preprint Archive Search. We searched the same sources and Google for vaccine names (GX-70) and scanned reviews for references. Data on antigenic composition, delivery systems, adjuvants, and vaccine efficacy were charted and summarized descriptively. Results: A total of 18,157 records were identified, of which 968 were assessed for eligibility. No clinical studies were identified. 365 reports of 345 animal studies were included in the review. 342 (99.1%) studies involved DNA vaccines, and the remaining three focused on mRNA vaccines. 285 (82.6%) studies used single-antigen vaccines, while 48 (13.9%) used multiple antigens or combinations with adjuvants. Only 12 (3.5%) studies involved multiepitope vaccines. The most frequently used antigens were immunodominant secretory antigens (Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT6), heat shock proteins, and cell wall proteins. Most studies delivered naked plasmid DNA intramuscularly without additional adjuvants. Only 4 of 17 studies comparing NA vaccines to BCG after Systematic review registration: https://osf.io/, identifier F7P9G.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.