Multiple recurrences of a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm: a case report.

Background: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is being diagnosed more often with its increased recognition over the past 2 decades and with the availability of imaging such as point-of-care echocardiography and tissue characterization by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Case summary: A young man developed pericarditis and was treated with steroids. A few weeks later, he suffered classic TTS and then presented a week later with the rare complication of apical myocardial rupture and a left ventricular (LV) pseudoaneurysm. He subsequently sustained two recurrences, likely secondary to the poor tensile strength of the repair in the region of necrotic myocardium. Discussion: Various features of both syndromes are discussed herein (myopericarditis and TTS) as well as their classic imaging findings with an emphasis on the echocardiographic diagnosis of an LV pseudoaneurysm and differentiating it from an aneurysm. Furthermore, we elucidate the classic imaging findings of CMR in myocarditis, myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries, and TTS. Lastly, we discuss treatment options for LV pseudoaneurysms and strategies to prevent recurrence.