Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39421655›Full record

ArticleACS pharmacology & translational science2024

PEGylation-Dependent Cell Uptake of Lipid Nanoparticles Revealed by Spatiotemporal Correlation Spectroscopy.

Luca Digiacomo, Serena Renzi, Andrea Pirrottina, Heinz Amenitsch, Valentina De Lorenzi, Daniela Pozzi, Francesco Cardarelli, Giulio Caracciolo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ACS pharmacology & translational science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  4. Exosome-mediated siRNA delivery in cancer: Loading strategies, targeting approaches, and therapeutic outcomes.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026
    Review
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  6. Therapeutic peptides and proteins: Status and developments in drug delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Prime editing in mammals: From promise to practicalities.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Luca DigiacomoNanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Serena RenziNanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Andrea PirrottinaNanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Heinz AmenitschInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Valentina De LorenziLaboratorio NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56127 Pisa, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7429-6524
Daniela PozziNanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Francesco CardarelliLaboratorio NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56127 Pisa, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3049-5940
Giulio CaraccioloNanoDelivery Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-4475

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a common surface modification for lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to improve their stability and in vivo circulation time. However, the impact of PEGylation on LNP cellular uptake remains poorly understood. To tackle this issue, we systematically compared plain and PEGylated LNPs by combining dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic light scattering, and synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) that unveils a striking similarity in size and core structure but a significant reduction in surface charge. Upon administration to human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells, plain and PEGylated LNPs were internalized through different endocytic routes, as revealed by spatiotemporal correlation spectroscopy. An imaging-derived mean square displacement (iMSD) analysis shows that PEGylated LNPs exhibit a significantly stronger preference for caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CAV) and clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) pathways compared to plain LNPs, with these latter being better tailored to MCR-dependent internalization and trafficking. This suggests that PEG plays a crucial role in directing LNPs toward specific cellular uptake routes. Further studies should explore how PEG-mediated endocytosis impacts intracellular trafficking and ultimately translates to therapeutic efficacy, guiding the design of next-generation LNP delivery systems.

Identifiers

PMID39421655
PMCPMC11480925

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.