ReviewMissouri medicine
The Role of Pharmacy Benefit Managers and Skyrocketing Cost of Medications.
Review in Missouri medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The impact of the United States most favored nation policies on prices of branded medicines and research and development.Health policy OPEN · 2026Review
- Pharmacy Benefit Manager Involvement in the US Opioid Crisis.JAMA health forum · 2026Article
- Ozempic and Wegovy Meet Congress: Political Economy Without Critique and Sociology Without Society.International journal of social determinants of health and health services · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This article reviews how pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) play a role in the delivery of modern healthcare services. A discussion regarding the lack of transparency regarding PBM services, consolidation of the market and vertical integration, as well as a typical flow of payments related to medications is provided. Authors review what higher drug costs are doing to patients, and provide an overview of what is happening to fight these trends.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39421485PMC11482839What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.