ArticleNature. Mental health2024
Exploration of first onsets of mania, schizophrenia spectrum disorders and major depressive disorder in perimenopause.
Article in Nature. Mental health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Bipolar Disorder and Perimenopause: An Update.Bipolar disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Neuroendocrine and psychosocial triggers of severe psychiatric onset in women: a systematic review with domain-specific quantitative and narrative synthesis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Pharmacological maintenance treatment in older age bipolar disorder.Current opinion in psychiatry · 2026Review
- The Estrogen-Mitochondria Axis in Bipolar Disorder: From Fluctuating Hormones to Failing Bioenergetics.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- From perimenopause to neuroinflammation: Rethinking a case of late-onset mania.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Postpartum Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder: Review of Neurobiology and Expert Consensus Statement on Classification.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Considerations and practical recommendations for identifying perimenopause in longitudinal research.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Does hypothalamic CCN3 hypersecretion confer postpartum mood disorder risk?Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids and psychotic disorders: integrating mechanistic, genetic, and clinical evidence.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Bipolar disorder.Lancet (London, England) · 2025Review
- Associations between lifetime reproductive events among postmenopausal women with bipolar disorder.Archives of women's mental health · 2025Article
- The impact of reproductive events on women with severe mental illness: we need more research and professional awareness.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Psychiatric safety associated with hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms: a real-world study of the FDA adverse event reporting system.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Dietary inflammatory index mediation lifestyle patterns and depression among women with osteopenia or osteoporosis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although the relationship between perimenopause and changes in mood has been well established, knowledge of risk of a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders associated with reproductive aging is limited. Here we investigate whether the perimenopause (that is, the years around the final menstrual period (FMP)) is associated with increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders compared with the late reproductive stage. Information on menopausal timing and psychiatric history was obtained from nurse-administered interviews and online questionnaires from 128,294 female participants within UK Biobank. Incidence rates of psychiatric disorders during the perimenopause (4 years surrounding the FMP) were compared with the reference premenopausal period (6-10 years before the FMP). The rates were calculated for major depressive disorder (MDD), mania, schizophrenia spectrum disorders and other diagnoses. Overall, of 128,294 participants, 753 (0.59%) reported their first onset of a psychiatric disorder during the late reproductive stage (incidence rate 1.53 per 1,000 person-years) and 1,133 (0.88%) during the perimenopause (incidence rate 2.33 per 1,000 person-years). Compared with the reference reproductive period, incidence rates of psychiatric disorders significantly increased during the perimenopause (incidence rate ratio (RR) of 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39-1.67) and decreased back down to that observed in the premenopausal period in the postmenopause (RR of 1.09 (95% CI 0.98-1.21)). The effect was primarily driven by increased incidence rates of MDD, with an incidence RR of 1.30 (95% CI 1.16-1.45). However, the largest effect size at perimenopause was observed for mania (RR of 2.12 (95% CI 1.30-3.52)). No association was found between perimenopause and incidence rates of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (RR of 0.95 (95% CI 0.48-1.88)). In conclusion, perimenopause was associated with an increased risk of developing MDD and mania. No association was found between perimenopause and first onsets of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.