ArticleBMC microbiology2024
Chemical inactivation of two non-enveloped viruses results in distinct thermal unfolding patterns and morphological alterations.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Virus-Dependent Relative Contributions of Citric Acid and Benzalkonium Chloride to the Virucidal Efficacy of Combination Disinfectants.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- The Effect of Food Processing and Preservation on the Survivability of Group A Rotavirus (SA11) in Simulated and Real Food Models.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Isolation, identification and pathogenicity analysis of BCoV epidemic strains in Xinjiang.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Essential oils expose diverse targets on non-enveloped ScV-L-A totivirus.Pharmaceutical biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Prospective investigation of feline bocavirus persistence and shedding in naturally infected cats from varied household settings.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Post-COVID-19 resurgence of respiratory viruses in Taiwan: an interrupted time series analysis from three regional medical centers (2015-2023).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Product formulation and rubbing time impact the inactivation of enveloped and non-enveloped virus surrogates by foam-based hand sanitizers.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- In Vitro Efficacy of Foam Hand Sanitizers Against Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles: A New Frontier in Antiviral Therapy Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1.Advances in virology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNon-enveloped viruses, which lack a lipid envelope, display higher resistance to disinfectants, soaps and sanitizers compared to enveloped viruses. The capsids of these viruses are highly stable and symmetric protein shells that resist inactivation by commonly employed virucidal agents. This group of viruses include highly transmissible human pathogens such as Rotavirus, Poliovirus, Foot and Mouth Disease Virus, Norovirus and Adenovirus; thus, devising appropriate strategies for chemical disinfection is essential.
resultsIn this study, we tested a mild, hypoallergenic combination of a denaturant, alcohol, and organic acid (3.2% citric acid, 1% urea and 70% ethanol, pH4) on two representative non-enveloped viruses - Human Adenovirus 5 (HAdV5) and Feline Calicivirus (FCV)- and evaluated the pathways of capsid neutralization using biophysical methods. The conformational shifts in the capsid upon chemical treatment were studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), while the morphological alterations were visualized concurrently using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). We found that while treatment of purified HAdV5 particles with a formulation resulted in thermal instability and, large scale aggregation; similar treatment of FCV particles resulted in complete collapse of the capsids. Further, while individual components of the formulation caused significant damage to the capsids, a synergistic action of the whole formulation was evident against both non-enveloped viruses tested.
conclusionsThe distinct effects of the chemical treatment on the morphology of HAdV5 and FCV suggests that non-enveloped viruses with icosahedral geometry can follow different morphological pathways to inactivation. Synergistic effect of whole formulation is more effective compared to individual components. Molecular level understanding of inactivation pathways may result in the design and development of effective mass-market formulations for rapid neutralization of non-enveloped viruses.
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