Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39420097›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2025

Bloodstream infections: mechanisms of pathogenesis and opportunities for intervention.

Caitlyn L Holmes, Owen R Albin, Harry L T Mobley, Michael A Bachman

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
96citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

96 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Infective endocarditis and post-treatment bacteremia caused by oral microorganisms: a retrospective cohort study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli isolated from patients with bacteremia.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. A review of bloodstream infections-pathogens, pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, treatment methods-challenges and future aspects.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Review
  16. Integrated clinical and genomic characterization ofJournal of medical microbiology · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Caitlyn L HolmesDepartment of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5818-148X
Owen R AlbinDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Harry L T MobleyDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Michael A BachmanDepartment of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. mikebach@med.umich.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2507-6987

Funding

Fitness of gram-negative pathogens during bacteremiaR01AI134731 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI BACHMAN, MICHAEL ABBOTT, MOBLEY, HARRY L. · 2019 to 2022
$2.8M
Defining macrophage defense during Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremiaK99AI175481 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HOLMES, CAITLYN LEIGH · 2024 to 2024
$113k
NIAID NIH HHS K99 AI175481NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI134731
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are common in hospitals, often life-threatening and increasing in prevalence. Microorganisms in the blood are usually rapidly cleared by the immune system and filtering organs but, in some cases, they can cause an acute infection and trigger sepsis, a systemic response to infection that leads to circulatory collapse, multiorgan dysfunction and death. Most BSIs are caused by bacteria, although fungi also contribute to a substantial portion of cases. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans are leading causes of BSIs, although their prevalence depends on patient demographics and geographical region. Each species is equipped with unique factors that aid in the colonization of initial sites and dissemination and survival in the blood, and these factors represent potential opportunities for interventions. As many pathogens become increasingly resistant to antimicrobials, new approaches to diagnose and treat BSIs at all stages of infection are urgently needed. In this Review, we explore the prevalence of major BSI pathogens, prominent mechanisms of BSI pathogenesis, opportunities for prevention and diagnosis, and treatment options.

Indexed as

BacteremiaSepsisBacteriaFungiHumansPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID39420097
PMCPMC12519459

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.