ArticleArchives of toxicology2025
In vivo pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and brain concentration comparison of fentanyl and para-fluorofentanyl in rats.
Article in Archives of toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Temporal and regional associations between fentanyl concentrations in the unregulated drug supply and drug-related mortality in British Columbia, Canada.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Antinociceptive Effect and Hyperalgesia of Fentanyl and Its Analogues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sex-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacological responses to 4F-furanylfentanyl.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Assessment of abuse potential of furanylfentanyl and tetrahydrofuranylfentanyl.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- QSAR-based physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling for 34 fentanyl analogs: model validation, human pharmacokinetic prediction and abuse risk insights.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In 2022, para-fluorofentanyl (pFF) rose to the 6th most reported drug and the most reported fentanyl analog in the United States according to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). pFF differs from fentanyl by the addition of a single fluorine group. To date, pFF has not been extensively evaluated in vivo and is frequently seen in combination with fentanyl. In the present study, the pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and brain region-specific concentrations of pFF were evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats and compared to fentanyl. A 300 μg/kg subcutaneous dose of fentanyl or pFF was administered to assess PD and PK parameters as well as brain region concentrations. PD parameters were evaluated via a tail flick test to evaluate analgesia and core body temperature to measure hypothermia, a surrogate marker of overall opioid toxicity. Fentanyl and pFF were found to be equally active at the tested dose in terms of tail flick response with both compounds producing an analgesic response that lasted up to 240 min post-drug treatment. pFF induced a significantly greater hypothermic effect compared to fentanyl with a maximum temperature decrease of -5.6 ℃. Plasma PK parameters (T
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