ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2025
Association of housing tenure and unaffordable housing with preterm birth and other adverse birth outcomes in Canada: a population-based study.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessing the impact of social determinants of health on rising preterm birth trends in England. A longitudinal ecological study, 2012-17.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- The role of housing instability in the association between ambient temperature and preterm birth.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Dutch nationwide registry study to identify spatial, contextual and environmental inequalities in birth outcomes.BMJ public health · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundSocioeconomic risk factors are known drivers of adverse birth outcomes. Housing is a key target for policy interventions.
objectiveTo estimate the associations of housing tenure (renting vs owning) and unaffordable housing with preterm birth and other adverse birth outcomes.
methodsWe used 2014-2016 Canadian birth registration data linked with the 2016 long-form census and included singleton births among homeowners and renters. Unaffordable housing was defined at the family level as the proportion of pre-tax income spent on shelter, using a 30% cut-off. The primary outcome was preterm birth. Secondary outcomes were stillbirth and infant death. Log-binomial regression estimated the association of housing tenure and unaffordability with outcomes adjusting for sociodemographic risk factors and parity.
resultsAmong 162 700 live births and stillbirths (52 740 renters, 109 960 owners), 31% of renters and 17% of owners experienced unaffordable housing. Renting was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (7.5% vs 6.1%; adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.13; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.17), stillbirth (9.5 vs 6.6 per 1000; aRR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.56) and infant death (4.2 vs 3.0 per 1000; aRR 1.52, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.82). There was no association of housing unaffordability with preterm birth or other adverse birth outcomes among owners or renters.
conclusionsThis nationally representative study in Canada found associations between renting versus owning and preterm birth, stillbirth and infant death, as well as a high burden of unaffordable housing, particularly among renters. This study suggests that home tenure itself is a social determinant of adverse birth outcomes.
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