ReviewAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2025
Biomarkers of Rejection in Kidney Transplantation.
Review in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of a Pre-Transplant Serum FTIR Rejection-Risk Score Across Time Horizons and Rejection Phenotype-Defined Endpoints in Kidney Transplantation.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Recommendations From the Implementation Steering Group for Organ Utilisation Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Sub-Group: ISOU H&I Sub-Group Recommendations.International journal of immunogenetics · 2026Review
- Histoplasmosis in kidney transplant recipients.BMC nephrology · 2026Review
- Immuno-imaging in solid organ transplantation.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026Review
- Risk Phenotyping Before Graft Implantation: FTIR Spectroscopy and Machine Learning for Complementary Risk Stratification in Kidney Transplantation.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Tacrolimus Concentration/Dose Ratio in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients: An Exploratory Study of Metabolizer Phenotyping and Clinical Outcomes.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- RENAL-CHIP: Rejection Evaluation via Non-Invasive Analysis of Circulating Podocytes With Herringbone-Chip Isolation Platform.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Torque teno virus viral load and hospitalisation for infections in long-term kidney transplant recipients: a single-centre prospective cohort study.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Tissue-resident memory T cells in organ transplantation: implications for immune homeostasis and graft outcomes.Inflammation and regeneration · 2026Review
- Untargeted Plasma Proteomic Signatures and Late Graft Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients.Transplantation · 2026Article
- Rejection-Focused Precision Medicine in Kidney Transplantation: Biology, Biomarkers, and Artificial Intelligence.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Promising non-invasive biomarkers for kidney allograft monitoring: a mini review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Prognostic impact of rejection and chronicity index on long-term graft outcomes in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Impact of antibody-mediated rejection detected on one-year protocol biopsies on long-term kidney allograft survival.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Novel Biomarkers for Rejection in Kidney Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Association of Blood Donor-derived Cell-free DNA Levels With Banff Scores and Histopathological Lesions in Kidney Allograft Biopsies: Results From an Observational Study.Transplantation direct · 2025Article
- Metabolic and Microcirculatory Changes in Severe Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion and Ischemic Preconditioning in the Rat: Are They Detectable in the First Hour of Reperfusion?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Immune Monitoring Goes Viral - Torque Teno Virus for Immunologic Risk Stratification After Kidney Transplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Review
- Diagnostic performance of donor-derived cell-free DNA for acute rejection in kidney allograft biopsies.Jornal brasileiro de nefrologiaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Alloimmune injury is a major cause of long-term kidney allograft failure whether due to functionally stable (subclinical) or overt clinical rejection. These episodes may be mediated by immune cells (cellular rejection) or alloantibody (antibody-mediated rejection). Early recognition of immune injury is needed for timely appropriate intervention to maintain graft functional viability. However, the conventional measure of kidney function (ie, serum creatinine) is insufficient for immune monitoring due to limited sensitivity and specificity for rejection. As a result, there is need for biomarkers that more sensitively detect the immune response to the kidney allograft. Recently, several biomarkers have been clinically implemented into the care of kidney transplant recipients. These biomarkers attempt to achieve multiple goals including (1) more sensitive detection of clinical and subclinical rejection, (2) predicting impending rejection, (3) monitoring for the adequacy of treatment response, and (4) facilitating personalized immunosuppression. In this review, we summarize the findings to date in commercially available biomarkers, along with biomarkers approaching clinical implementation. While we discuss the analytical and clinical validity of these biomarkers, we identify the challenges and limitations to widespread biomarker use, including the need for biomarker-guided prospective studies to establish evidence of clinical utility of these new assays.
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