ReviewSeminars in neurology2024
The Pathophysiology and Biomarkers of Delirium.
Review in Seminars in neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Inflammation and delirium in critically Ill patients: a review.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Brain connectivity changes associated with acute sleep deprivation: a systematic review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Delirium in Children Hospitalized with Acute COVID-19 or MIS-C: Secondary Analysis of the 2020-2021 Global Consortium Study of Neurologic Dysfunction in COVID-19.Neurocritical care · 2026Observational
- Pathophysiology and biomarkers of delirium in older adults-Narrative review.Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie · 2026Review
- From Sensory Deprivation to Psychosis: Environmental Mechanisms of Delirium in Dementia-An Eight-Year Retrospective Longitudinal Case Report and Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Biomarkers and Delirium Severity in Critically Ill Adults: A Prospective Single-Center Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- COVID-19 infections and cognitive impairment: mechanisms and perspectives.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2026Article
- Postoperative Delirium After Cardiac Surgery: Psychiatric Vulnerability, Biological Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Driving innovation in cancer symptom science through translational research: bridging science and practice.Current opinion in supportive and palliative care · 2026Review
- Severe hypotension but not systemic inflammation or endothelial activation predicts encephalopathy in circulatory shock.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
- Increased cerebrospinal fluid YKL-40 concentration in hip fracture patients with delirium.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Bedside EEG for rapid diagnosis of delirium.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- The etiology of delirium in long-term care settings: a Lernaean Hydra.European geriatric medicine · 2025Review
- Perioperative Profiles of Immune Cells in Patients with Postoperative Delirium After Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Post-Operative Delirium in Elderly Patients: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- The intersection of delirium and long-term cognition in older adults: the critical role of delirium prevention.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Association Between Preoperative Sleep Disturbance and Postoperative Delirium in Adults Undergoing Elective Surgery.Cureus · 2025Article
- Sleep fragmentation in critically ill children: a review of contributing factors in the pediatric intensive care unit and neurodevelopmental outcomes.Frontiers in sleep · 2025Review
- Revisiting Delirious Mania in the Context of Neurosyphilis: A Case Report.Consortium psychiatricum · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Delirium is a major disturbance in the mental state characterized by fluctuations in arousal, deficits in attention, distorted perception, and disruptions in memory and cognitive processing. Delirium affects approximately 18% to 25% of hospital inpatients, with even higher rates observed during critical illness. To develop therapies to shorten the duration and limit the adverse effects of delirium, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying its presentation. Neuroimaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography, functional MRI, and near-infrared spectroscopy point to global atrophy, white matter changes, and disruptions in cerebral blood flow, oxygenation, metabolism, and connectivity as key correlates of delirium pathogenesis. Electroencephalography demonstrates generalized slowing of normal background activity, with pathologic decreases in variability of oscillatory patterns and disruptions in functional connectivity among specific brain regions. Elevated serum biomarkers of inflammation, including interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and S100B, suggest a role of dysregulated inflammatory processes and cellular metabolism, particularly in perioperative and sepsis-related delirium. Emerging animal models that can mimic delirium-like clinical states will reveal further insights into delirium pathophysiology. The combination of clinical and basic science methods of exploring delirium shows great promise in elucidating its underlying mechanisms and revealing potential therapeutic targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.