ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2025
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and pancreatic cancer risk: target trial emulation using real-world data.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Associations Between Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RAs) and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterPooled it
- Special Considerations When Using GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Older Adults.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Long-Term Association Between GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Incident Pancreatic Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study Using the TriNetX Network.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Article
- Semaglutide and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Association of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists With Cancer Risk in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Evolving Real-World Adverse Events of GLP-1RAs Using FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Article
- Metabolic Syndrome and Pancreatic Cancer: Linking Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, and Carcinogenesis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Modulation of the tumor microenvironment by incretins and glucagon: Metabolic and immune mechanisms (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
- Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and cancer risk: the good, the bad and the unknown.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Adiposity and cancer: epidemiology, mechanisms and future perspectives.Nature metabolism · 2026Review
- Spironolactone and clinical outcomes in patients with alcohol use disorder and comorbid hypertension: a target trial emulation study.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Safety Profile of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Adverse Events and Clinical Recommendations.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 medicines and cancer.Nature cancer · 2026Review
- Obesity and Cancer: Mechanisms, Epidemiological Evidence, and Potential Risk Reduction.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Pancreatic cancer: molecular pathogenesis and emerging therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Incidence of hematologic malignancies and mortality associated with GLP-1 receptor agonist and SGLT2 inhibitor use in type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of a retrospective cohort study of electronic health records.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- The Genetic Blueprint of Obesity: From Pathogenesis to Novel Therapies.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Review
- The Fat-Pancreas Axis: A Narrative Review Unraveling the Role of Obesity in Pancreatic Diseases.Cureus · 2025Review
- Weight loss interventions and obesity-associated cancers in people with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity: A real-world observational study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025 · on this mapObservational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundData on the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on pancreatic cancer incidence are limited and inconsistent. Here we evaluate the association of GLP-1RAs, alone and in combinations, with incident pancreatic cancer risk in a real-world population, stratified by obesity and smoking status.
methodsThis retrospective cohort included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were prescribed GLP-1RAs or other nonglucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist antidiabetes medications between January 2013 and March 2019 and had no prior diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The incident (first-time) diagnosis of pancreatic cancer during a 5-year follow-up was compared between propensity-score matched cohorts of patients prescribed GLP-1RAs vs other nonglucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist antidiabetes medications. Subgroup analyses were performed in patients stratified by the status of obesity and tobacco use disorder. We also compared GLP-1RA combination therapies with monotherapies. Time-to-first-event analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, with the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval calculated.
resultsThe study population comprised 1 636 056 eligible patients including 167 091 prescribed GLP-1RAs and 1 468 965 prescribed other antidiabetes medications. GLP-1RAs were associated with a statistically significant decreased risk for pancreatic cancer incidence compared with each of 6 nonglucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist antidiabetes medications with hazard ratios ranging from 0.42 to 0.82. The reduction was greater in patients with obesity and tobacco use disorder than in those without. GLP-1RA combination therapies were associated with lower pancreatic cancer risk compared with monotherapies.
conclusionsGLP-1RAs were associated with reduced pancreatic cancer incidence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further studies and trials are needed to explore mechanisms and confirm causal effects.
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