ArticleAllergy2025
The IL-4-IL-4Rα axis modulates olfactory neuroimmune signaling to induce loss of smell.
Article in Allergy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Unmet Need of Olfactory Testing in Inflammatory Disorders of the Upper Airways-An EAACI Position Paper.Allergy · 2026Review
- Olfactory mucosal inflammation and barrier disruption correlate with perceived CRSwNP-associated olfactory dysfunction.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2026Article
- Importance of Smell Loss to Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: Options for Management and Recovery.Clinical and translational allergy · 2026Review
- Real-world efficacy of stapokibart for severe olfactory dysfunction: early and sustained improvement independent of baseline type 2 inflammation status and nasal polyp burden.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The microbiota-metabolite-immune axis in the olfactory cleft microenvironment: mechanisms and therapeutic implications for dysbiosis-driven olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The alarmin-ILC2 axis as a candidate mechanism for persistent olfactory dysfunction in allergic rhinitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Dysregulated NK-cell gene expression defines the enduring symptoms of long COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The IL-4-IL-4Rα axis modulates olfactory neuroimmune signaling to induce loss of smell.Allergy · 2025Article
- Personalized Medicine in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Treatable Traits Using Biologics for Unmet Needs.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
IL-4 and IL-13 have non-redundant effects in olfaction, with loss of smell in mice evoked only by intranasal administration of IL-4, but not IL-13. IL-4-evoked pathophysiological effects on olfaction is independent of compromised structural integrity of the olfactory neuroepithelium. IL-4-IL-4Rα signaling modulates neuronal crosstalk with immune cells, suggesting a functional link between olfactory impairment and neuroinflammation. Abbreviations: IL, interleukin; KO, knock-out; wk, week; WT, wild-type.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.