Application of machine learning based genome sequence analysis in pathogen identification.

Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms pose a serious threat to human health. Despite advances in molecular biology, genetics, computation, and medicinal chemistry, infectious diseases remain a significant public health concern. Addressing the challenges posed by pathogen outbreaks, pandemics, and antimicrobial resistance requires concerted interdisciplinary efforts. With the development of computer technology and the continuous exploration of artificial intelligence(AI)applications in the biomedical field, the automatic morphological recognition and image processing of microbial images under microscopes have advanced rapidly. The research team of Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a single cell microbial identification technology combining Raman spectroscopy and artificial intelligence. Through laser Raman acquisition system and convolutional neural network analysis, the average accuracy rate of 95.64% has been achieved, and the identification can be completed in only 5 min. These technologies have shown substantial advantages in the visible morphological detection of pathogenic microorganisms, expanding anti-infective drug discovery, enhancing our understanding of infection biology, and accelerating the development of diagnostics. In this review, we discuss the application of AI-based machine learning in image analysis, genome sequencing data analysis, and natural language processing (NLP) for pathogen identification, highlighting the significant role of artificial intelligence in pathogen diagnosis. AI can improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis, promote early detection and personalized treatment, and enhance public health safety.