A novel metastatic tumor segmentation method with a new evaluation metric in clinic study.

Background: Brain metastases are the most common brain malignancies. Automatic detection and segmentation of brain metastases provide significant assistance for radiologists in discovering the location of the lesion and making accurate clinical decisions on brain tumor type for precise treatment. Objectives: However, due to the small size of the brain metastases, existing brain metastases segmentation produces unsatisfactory results and has not been evaluated on clinic datasets. Methodology: In this work, we propose a new metastasis segmentation method DRAU-Net, which integrates a new attention mechanism multi-branch weighted attention module and DResConv module, making the extraction of tumor boundaries more complete. To enhance the evaluation of both the segmentation quality and the number of targets, we propose a novel medical image segmentation evaluation metric: multi-objective segmentation integrity metric, which effectively improves the evaluation results on multiple brain metastases with small size. Results: Experimental results evaluated on the BraTS2023 dataset and collected clinical data show that the proposed method has achieved excellent performance with an average dice coefficient of 0.6858 and multi-objective segmentation integrity metric of 0.5582. Conclusion: Compared with other methods, our proposed method achieved the best performance in the task of segmenting metastatic tumors.