ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2025
The association between glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist prescriptions and substance-related outcomes in patients with opioid and alcohol use disorders: A real-world data analysis.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) on alcohol-related outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Pooled it
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of opioid use disorders: a systematic review.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Pooled it
- From food to alcohol: exploring psychosocial drivers of post-bariatric alcohol use.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2026Article
- Co-treating opioid and alcohol use disorders in the United States, 1960-2026: A historical policy review in the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) era.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Review
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Dual Agonist Therapeutics at the Intersection of Alcohol Use Disorder, Obesity, and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- Acute glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide, attenuates cue-, drug-, and stress-induced fentanyl seeking in male Sprague-Dawley rats.Behavioural pharmacology · 2026Article
- Prescription Sequence Symmetry Analysis of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Neuropsychiatric Conditions.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Modulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via CEBPB: A Potential Molecular Link to Therapeutic Action in Substance Use Disorders.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Substance Use Disorders in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Observational
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and All-Cause Overdose Risk in Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes and Opioid Use Disorder.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2026Article
- Association of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Prescriptions and Alcohol Consumption in the National Institutes of Health's All of Us Cohort.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Exploratory associations between co-occurring opioid and alcohol use disorders and GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in substance use disorders: A systematic review of ClinicalTrials.Gov.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Balancing the benefits and risks of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a clinical guide for shared decision-making.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Review
- A rapid review of the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on opioid and stimulant use-related outcomes.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Review
- Searching for New Pharmacological Treatments of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD): Focus on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Treating Alcohol Use Disorder: A Critical Review.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Review
- Beyond Glycemic Control: GLP-1RA-Based Therapies and Emerging Targets Beyond the Metabolic Axis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Extrahepatic mortality associated with chronic liver disease with or without cirrhosis from 2014 to 2024.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Article
- Tirzepatide attenuates mesolimbic cocaine-evoked dopamine levels and reduces cocaine taking, motivation and seeking behaviours in male rodents.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsThis study aimed to estimate the strength of association between prescriptions of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and the incidence of opioid overdose and alcohol intoxication in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), respectively. This study also aimed to compare the strength of the GIP/GLP-1 RA and substance use-outcome association among patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes and obesity.
designA retrospective cohort study analyzing de-identified electronic health record data from the Oracle Cerner Real-World Data.
settingAbout 136 United States of America health systems, covering over 100 million patients, spanning January 2014 to September 2022.
participantsThe study included 503 747 patients with a history of OUD and 817 309 patients with a history of AUD, aged 18 years or older. MEASUREMENTS: The exposure indicated the presence (one or more) or absence of GIP/GLP-1 RA prescriptions. The outcomes were the incidence rates of opioid overdose in the OUD cohort and alcohol intoxication in the AUD cohort. Potential confounders included comorbidities and demographic factors.
findingsPatients with GIP/GLP-1 RA prescriptions demonstrated statistically significantly lower rates of opioid overdose [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) in OUD patients: 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.43-0.83] and alcohol intoxication (aIRR in AUD patients: 0.50; 95% CI = 0.40-0.63) compared to those without such prescriptions. When stratified by comorbid conditions, the rate of incident opioid overdose and alcohol intoxication remained similarly protective for those prescribed GIP/GLP-1 RA among patients with OUD and AUD.
conclusionsPrescriptions of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists appear to be associated with lower rates of opioid overdose and alcohol intoxication in patients with opioid use disorder and alcohol use disorder. The protective effects are consistent across various subgroups, including patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.