ArticleBMJ open2024
Risk factors for antenatal anxiety: a cross-sectional study in field antenatal clinics in Sri Lanka.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire- Revised 2 (PRAQ-R2) in the Sri Lankan setting.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe aimed to determine the prevalence and factors affecting antenatal anxiety (AA) among Sri Lankan women.
designWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of first trimester data from a population-based cohort of antenatal women.
settingField antenatal clinics of four field health areas in Colombo District, Sri Lanka.
participantsAntenatal women (n=535) in the first trimester of pregnancy and aged ≥18 years were sequentially recruited when they attended antenatal clinics selected using random cluster sampling. Those with hearing difficulty, visual and speaking problems or currently on treatment for mental disorders were excluded. MEASURES: We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire to collect data. The AA was identified using the validated Sinhala version of Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS-S). Self-reported demographic and pregnancy-related information were verified against health records. Psychosocial risk factors were self-reported. We investigated the associations between potential risk factors and AA using regression models that included confounders identified through a directed acyclic graph and reported using adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsThe prevalence of AA during the first trimester of pregnancy, identified using a PASS threshold of ≥20, was 34.4% (n=184). We found several novel risk factors for AA, namely, physical (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.4 to 3.2) and mental health problems of self (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 4.4), physical (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.4 to 3.4) and mental health problems of parents/spouse (OR 6.7; 95% CI 2.8 to 16.2), traumatic life situations (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.5 to 4.8), substance abuse by the spouse (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.9 to 6.6) and the spouse being away (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.7). The other risk factors that we identified included domestic violence among family members (OR 6.4; 95% CI 1.3 to 31.0), loss of family support (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.0 to 5.2), financial hardships (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.8), accommodation-related issues (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.0 to 4.9), unplanned pregnancy (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.9 to 7.3), difficulties due to pregnancy (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.4), changed or stopped education (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.7 to 5.1), recent loss of employment (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.2 to 7.0), recent death of a loved one (OR 3.5; 95% CI 2.0 to 5.9) and sleep problems during pregnancy (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.3).
conclusionsThe prevalence of antenatal anxiety is high in Sri Lanka and is associated with several risk factors, not previously described, which are potentially modifiable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.