ReviewScience advances2024
A review of the global use of fishmeal and fish oil and the Fish In:Fish Out metric.
Review in Science advances, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluating the Processing and Nutrient Digestibility of DefattedMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Fish Scale Meal Enhances Body Color Brightness and Iridophore Development in Koi (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Marine Side Streams in Insect-Based Biorefineries: From Substrate-Insect Matching to Functional Aquafeed Ingredients and Bioactive Products.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Phytohormone supplementation for omega-3 production in microalgae and its potential integration with wastewater cultivation.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Replacing fish oil with Tetraselmis chui microalgae biomass does not compromise rainbow trout health: Biochemical, histologic, antioxidant and immune gene expression.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Physiological Responses of Fishes to Nutrition Management and Environmental Stresses.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- A novel black soldier fly protein hydrolysate improves the muscle growth of rainbow trout (Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2026Article
- Global nutritional equity of fishmeal and aquaculture trade flows.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Impact of partial replacement of fish meal with polychaete meal (Hediste diversicolor) on growth, nutrient digestibility, fatty acid profiles, and fish-in: fish-out ratio in diets of European seabass, Dicenctrarchus labrax.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2026Article
- Stage-Specific Microbiota Transitions Throughout Black Soldier Fly Ontogeny.Microbial ecology · 2026Article
- Diet chemistry and cross-kingdom microbiota associate with black soldier fly larvae performance on regional side streams.Animal microbiome · 2026Article
- Effect of Fish Meal Replacement by Complex Protein on Growth Performance, Metabolism, and Health of Triploid Rainbow Trout (Aquaculture nutrition · 2026Article
- Omega-3 Source Matters: Comparative Lipid Signatures and Quantitative Distribution of EPA/DHA Across Marine Resources.Marine drugs · 2025Article
- A Metagenomic Analysis of Gut Microbiome and Growth Performance of Giant Gourami (Osphronemus goramy) Fed with Raw Plant-Based Diet.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Mycotoxins in Fish Aquaculture-Occurrence and Future Perspective.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Replacing fishmeal with composite plant protein meal affects nutrient metabolism via mTOR signaling pathway of Pacific white shrimp (Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2025Article
- Effects of defatted black soldier fly larvae meal on growth, nutrient digestibility, hepatopancreas biochemistry, intestinal microbiota, and phosphorus discharge of giant freshwater prawn (Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2025Article
- Upcycling food waste for microalgae cultivation toward lipid production in a closed-loop and system-integrated circular bioeconomy.Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts · 2025Review
- Transparency in aquaculture subsidy reporting urgently needed.Science advances · 2024Review
- Circulating Nutrients in Guanay Cormorants and Peruvian Pelicans From Punta San Juan, Peru.Zoo biologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aquacultured carnivorous species consume most of the world's fishmeal and fish oil (FMFO), which itself is primarily derived from small pelagic fish. This has raised concerns about the practice's impact on wild fish stocks, ecosystems, and coastal communities that rely on these fish. The aquaculture industry claims a decreasing dependence on wild fish, relying on the Fish In:Fish Out (FIFO) metric as a ratio of the quantity of wild fish required for farmed fish production. This is misleading because it usually assumes constant FM or FO yields, inclusion rates and feed conversion ratios, which vary widely. Thus, a constant FIFO value for a given species cannot be assumed. Furthermore, low FIFO values resulting from averaging carnivores and herbivores conceal the high feed requirements of carnivore species. The increasing use of FMFO from by-products does not demonstrate a decreased use of wild fish but rather reflects a growing demand for FMFO, particularly for the fast growing and valuable salmon and shrimp farming industries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.