ArticleRadiology. Artificial intelligence2024
Addressing the Generalizability of AI in Radiology Using a Novel Data Augmentation Framework with Synthetic Patient Image Data: Proof-of-Concept and External Validation for Classification Tasks in Multiple Sclerosis.
Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph
Article in Radiology. Artificial intelligence, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Artificial Intelligence for Gadolinium-Sparing Detection of Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions: A Structured Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Widely available, general-purpose generative AI applications for radiology education: determining the teaching quality of synthetic pediatric neuroradiology images.Pediatric radiology · 2026Article
- Navigating Uncertainty in MRI Diagnosis: A Human-AI Collaborative Strategy for Stratifying Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Neuromuscular Diseases: Opportunities for a Data-Scarce Field.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- High angular resolution diffusion imaging of neurodevelopment in children through data creation with deep learning.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Three-Dimensional Deep Learning with Routine Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Data for Identification of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Centralized Review of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Biomedical Repositories and Computational Methods.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Application of Generative Adversarial Networks to Improve COVID-19 Classification on Ultrasound Images.Journal of imaging · 2025Article
- Assessing the generalizability of artificial intelligence in radiology: a systematic review of performance across different clinical settings.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Assessing AI-augmented training for multiple sclerosis classification in a basal ganglia radiomics model.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- LesionSCynth: A simple parametric lesion synthesis method to improve spinal cord lesion segmentation in low-data scenarios.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Synthetic data in medical imaging within the EHDS: a path forward for ethics, regulation, and standards.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Gianluca Brugnara *From the Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., M.B., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), Division for Computational Neuroimaging (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), and Department of Neurology (B.W., R.D., W.W.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., K.D., R.H., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI (G.B., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A. Radbruch); Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (G.B., P.V.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (T.P.).ORCID 0000-0003-2461-1407
Chandrakanth Jayachandran Preetha *From the Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., M.B., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), Division for Computational Neuroimaging (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), and Department of Neurology (B.W., R.D., W.W.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., K.D., R.H., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI (G.B., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A. Radbruch); Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (G.B., P.V.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (T.P.).ORCID 0000-0002-9875-1982
Katerina DeikeFrom the Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., M.B., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), Division for Computational Neuroimaging (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), and Department of Neurology (B.W., R.D., W.W.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., K.D., R.H., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI (G.B., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A. Radbruch); Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (G.B., P.V.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (T.P.).ORCID 0000-0002-4319-0428
Robert HaaseFrom the Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., M.B., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), Division for Computational Neuroimaging (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), and Department of Neurology (B.W., R.D., W.W.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., K.D., R.H., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI (G.B., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A. Radbruch); Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (G.B., P.V.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (T.P.).ORCID 0000-0001-6029-4192
Thomas PinetzFrom the Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., M.B., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), Division for Computational Neuroimaging (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), and Department of Neurology (B.W., R.D., W.W.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., K.D., R.H., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI (G.B., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A. Radbruch); Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (G.B., P.V.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (T.P.).ORCID 0000-0002-6100-2136
Martha Foltyn-DumitruFrom the Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., M.B., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), Division for Computational Neuroimaging (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), and Department of Neurology (B.W., R.D., W.W.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., K.D., R.H., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI (G.B., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A. Radbruch); Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (G.B., P.V.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (T.P.).
Mustafa A MahmutogluFrom the Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., M.B., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), Division for Computational Neuroimaging (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), and Department of Neurology (B.W., R.D., W.W.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., K.D., R.H., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI (G.B., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A. Radbruch); Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (G.B., P.V.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (T.P.).
Brigitte WildemannFrom the Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., M.B., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), Division for Computational Neuroimaging (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), and Department of Neurology (B.W., R.D., W.W.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., K.D., R.H., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI (G.B., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A. Radbruch); Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (G.B., P.V.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (T.P.).
Ricarda DiemFrom the Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., M.B., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), Division for Computational Neuroimaging (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), and Department of Neurology (B.W., R.D., W.W.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., K.D., R.H., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI (G.B., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A. Radbruch); Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (G.B., P.V.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (T.P.).
Wolfgang WickFrom the Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., M.B., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), Division for Computational Neuroimaging (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), and Department of Neurology (B.W., R.D., W.W.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., K.D., R.H., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI (G.B., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A. Radbruch); Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (G.B., P.V.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (T.P.).ORCID 0000-0002-6171-634X
Alexander RadbruchFrom the Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., M.B., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), Division for Computational Neuroimaging (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), and Department of Neurology (B.W., R.D., W.W.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., K.D., R.H., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI (G.B., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A. Radbruch); Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (G.B., P.V.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (T.P.).ORCID 0000-0001-6238-6525
Martin BendszusFrom the Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., M.B., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), Division for Computational Neuroimaging (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), and Department of Neurology (B.W., R.D., W.W.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., K.D., R.H., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI (G.B., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A. Radbruch); Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (G.B., P.V.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (T.P.).
Hagen MeredigFrom the Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., M.B., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), Division for Computational Neuroimaging (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), and Department of Neurology (B.W., R.D., W.W.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., K.D., R.H., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI (G.B., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A. Radbruch); Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (G.B., P.V.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (T.P.).ORCID 0009-0005-9177-4339
Aditya RastogiFrom the Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., M.B., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), Division for Computational Neuroimaging (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), and Department of Neurology (B.W., R.D., W.W.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., K.D., R.H., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI (G.B., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A. Radbruch); Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (G.B., P.V.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (T.P.).ORCID 0000-0001-6103-4886
Philipp VollmuthFrom the Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., M.B., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), Division for Computational Neuroimaging (G.B., C.J.P., M.F.D., M.A.M., H.M., A. Rastogi, P.V.), and Department of Neurology (B.W., R.D., W.W.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology (G.B., K.D., R.H., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Division for Computational Radiology and Clinical AI (G.B., M.F.D., A. Radbruch, P.V.), Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (K.D., A. Radbruch); Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (G.B., P.V.); and Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (T.P.).ORCID 0000-0002-6224-0064
Funding
Smartphone-Based "Burst" Cognitive AssessmentsP01AG003991 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI JOHN MORRIS · 1985 to 2026
$69.5MThe natural history of AB accumulation in preclinical ADP01AG026276 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MORRIS, JOHN · 2005 to 2025
$49.5MWashington University Institute of Clinical and Translational SciencesUL1TR000448 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI EVANOFF, BRADLEY A · 2012 to 2016
$41.4MResearch Education ComponentP30AG066444 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI DAVID M. HOLTZMAN · 2020 to 2026
$28.7MTHE XNAT IMAGING INFORMATICS PLATFORMR01EB009352 · NIBIB · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Daniel Scott Marcus · 2009 to 2026
$9.3MDRIVING PERFORMANCE IN PRECLINICAL ALZHEIMER'S DISEASER01AG043434 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI ROE, CATHERINE M · 2012 to 2016
$2.4MNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000448NIA NIH HHS P01 AG003991NIA NIH HHS P01 AG026276NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066444NIA NIH HHS R01 AG043434NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB009352
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) models often face performance drops after deployment to external datasets. This study evaluated the potential of a novel data augmentation framework based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) that creates synthetic patient image data for model training to improve model generalizability. Model development and external testing were performed for a given classification task, namely the detection of new fluid-attenuated inversion recovery lesions at MRI during longitudinal follow-up of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). An internal dataset of 669 patients with MS (
Indexed as
Artificial IntelligenceDatasets as TopicImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance ImagingMultiple SclerosisAdultData Interpretation, StatisticalFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedModels, StatisticalProof of Concept StudyROC CurveBrainBrain StemGenerative Adversarial NetworkMultiple SclerosisSynthetic Data Augmentation
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.