Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39412189›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol review2025

The impact of Scotland's minimum unit pricing for alcohol policy on people accessing services for alcohol dependence: A difference-in-difference structured interview study.

Penny Buykx, Andy Perkins, Jane Hughes, Wulf Livingston, Jennifer Boyd, Parvati Perman-Howe, Allan Johnston, Trevor McCarthy, Alex McLean, Alex Wright and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol review, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Penny BuykxSchool of Humanities, Creative Industries and Social Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-4788-4002
Andy PerkinsFigure 8 Consultancy Services Ltd, Dundee, United Kingdom.
Jane HughesSchool of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-1389-3402
Wulf LivingstonFigure 8 Consultancy Services Ltd, Dundee, United Kingdom.
Jennifer BoydSchool of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-8780-3196
Parvati Perman-HoweSchool of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-2247-4990
Allan JohnstonFigure 8 Consultancy Services Ltd, Dundee, United Kingdom.
Trevor McCarthyFigure 8 Consultancy Services Ltd, Dundee, United Kingdom.
Alex McLeanNHS Ayrshire and Arran, Kilmarnock, United Kingdom.
Alex WrightFigure 8 Consultancy Services Ltd, Dundee, United Kingdom.
Simon LittleFigure 8 Consultancy Services Ltd, Dundee, United Kingdom.
John HolmesSchool of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-9283-2151

Funding

NHS Health Scotland (now Public Health Scotland)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionA minimum unit price (MUP) for alcohol of £0.50 per unit (1 UK unit = 10 mL/8 g alcohol) was introduced in Scotland in May 2018. Few previous studies have examined the impact of alcohol pricing policies on people who are alcohol dependent. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MUP on people who are alcohol dependent including changes in alcohol consumption and health status, as well as potential unintended consequences.

methodsThree waves of cross-sectional data were collected in Scotland (intervention) and Northern England (control) at 0-6 months pre-implementation then 3-9 months and 18-22 months post-implementation. The sample was N = 706 people receiving treatment related to their alcohol use. We collected structured interview data including recent drinking information via a 7-day timeline-follow-back drinking diary. Difference-in-difference analyses estimated change in indicators in Scotland compared to England at both post-implementation timepoints.

resultsThe proportion of participants consuming alcohol costing on average <£0.50 per unit in Scotland decreased from 60.6% at 0-6 months prior to MUP implementation to 6.3% at 3-9 months post-implementation (p < 0.0004). There was no significant change in the indicators for alcohol consumption, severity of dependence, health status, other substance use, deprivation level or parenting. DISCUSSION AND

conclusionsThe introduction of MUP in Scotland was associated with increases in the prices paid for alcohol by people with dependence and presenting to treatment services. There was no evidence of changes in their alcohol consumption or health status. There was also no evidence of harmful unintended consequences for this population.

Indexed as

Alcohol DrinkingAlcoholic BeveragesAlcoholismCommerceCosts and Cost AnalysisHealth PolicyHealth Services AccessibilityAdultCross-Sectional StudiesEnglandFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedScotlandYoung Adultalcoholconsumptiondependencepolicyprice

Identifiers

PMID39412189
PMCPMC11743065

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.