ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2024
APOE 𝜀4-related blood-brain barrier breakdown is associated with microstructural abnormalities.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Dissecting the genetic and proteomic risk factors for delirium.Nature aging · 2026Pooled it
- "Morphological, Functional, and Molecular Progression of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease".Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Review
- From Dysbiosis to Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption: The Metabolite-Mediated Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Fibronectin mediates APOE4-driven blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Article
- Elevated levels of circulating plasma sPDGFRβ in cognitively impaired APOE4 carriers.GeroScience · 2026Article
- EndMT in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: mechanisms, evidence gaps, and therapeutic opportunities.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Review
- Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) in Alzheimer's disease: from pathophysiology to individualized risk assessment.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Review
- Is there a role for apolipoprotein E in perinatal brain injury?Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Review
- Examining APOE ε4 and Longitudinal Vascular Brain Injury: The Strong Heart Study.Neurology open access · 2026Article
- Apolipoprotein E4 in Alzheimer's Disease: Role in Pathology, Lipid Metabolism, and Drug Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Modeling neurovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease using an isogenic brain-chip model.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- PreoperativeFrontiers in bioinformatics · 2026Review
- Cortical mean diffusivity detects early age-related changes and associates with cognition and plasma biomarkers.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Apolipoprotein E ε4 homozygosity exacerbates retinal and cerebral microvascular dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: A mediation analysis of vascular contributions to cognitive decline.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Article
- Imaging brain inflammation and blood brain barrier permeability in neurological and psychiatric diseases: a review.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Transplantation of hiPSC-derived pericytes rescues Alzheimer's disease phenotypes in APOE4/4 mice through IGF2-rich apoptotic vesicles.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of high-density lipoprotein in regulating blood-brain barrier function: insights and implications.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionBlood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, the stage at which it appears along the AD time course and whether it contributes to neurodegeneration remain unclear.
methodsOlder adults (61 to 90 years) from cognitively normal (CN) to mildly cognitively impaired (CI), enriched for APOE 𝜀4 and amyloid positivity, underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion MRI to measure BBB permeability and brain microstructure. Analysis of variance compared BBB permeability according to cognitive status, amyloid beta (Aβ), and APOE4. Linear regressions assessed associations of BBB permeability with brain microstructure and interactions with Aβ and APOE4.
resultsBBB permeability was elevated for APOE4 carriers across the cortical gray matter, with the strongest differences among CN amyloid-negative individuals. Associations between entorhinal BBB permeability and microstructure interacted with Aβ and APOE4, with the strongest relationships in amyloid-positive individuals and APOE4 carriers. DISCUSSION: APOE4 may drive widespread BBB dysfunction in preclinical AD, which may contribute to neurodegenerative changes early along the AD cascade. HIGHLIGHTS: Gray matter blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is elevated for APOE4 carriers. APOE4-related BBB breakdown appears in the absence of cognitive decline or amyloid. BBB leakage correlates with entorhinal cortex microstructural injury. Associations with microstructure are strongest for amyloid-positive APOE4 carriers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.