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ArticleCurrent medicinal chemistry2025

Synthesis of Novel Indolyl Aryl Sulfone-clubbed Hydrazone Derivatives as Potential HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Molecular Modeling and QSAR Studies.

Hazrat Ali, Abdul Latif, Mumtaz Ali, Ammara, Muhammad Waqas, Manzoor Ahmad, Asaad Khalid, Ajmal Khan, Ahmed Al-Harrasi

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Article in Current medicinal chemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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9 authors.

Hazrat AliDepartment of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Abdul LatifDepartment of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Mumtaz AliDepartment of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
AmmaraDepartment of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Muhammad WaqasNatural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Oman.
Manzoor AhmadDepartment of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Asaad KhalidSubstance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Ajmal KhanNatural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Oman.
Ahmed Al-HarrasiNatural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, 616, Oman.

Funding

Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia ISP23-81HEC (Higher Education Commission) under NRPU 10646
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNon-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptases Inhibitors (NNRTIs) are among the most extensively studied enzymes for understanding the biology of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV) and designing inhibitors for managing HIV infections. Indolyl aryl sulfones (IASs), an underexplored class of potent NNRTIs, require further exploration for the development of newer drugs for HIV.

aimsIn this context, we synthesized a series of novels by Indolyl Aryl Sulfones with a hydrazone moiety at the carboxylate site of the indole nucleus. A 2D-QSAR model was developed to predict Reverse Transcriptase inhibitory activity against wild-type RT (WT-RT) enzyme.

methodsThe model was successfully applied to predict the HIV-1 inhibitory activity of known Indolyl Aryl Sulfones. Considering the reliability, robustness, and reproducibility of the 2D-QSAR model, we made an in silico prediction of the RT inhibition for our synthesized compounds (1-14).

resultsMolecular docking and dynamics simulations established our synthesized Indolyl Aryl Sulfones, particularly compounds 23, 24, and 28, as effective NNRTIs by stabilizing HIV reverse transcriptase's structure. Binding energy calculations revealed compound 28 as the strongest inhibitor (-43.21 ± 0.09 kcal/mol), followed by 23 (-40.94 ± 0.10 kcal/mol) and 24 (-39.18±0.08 kcal/mol), emphasizing their binding affinity towards HIV reverse transcriptase.

conclusionIn summary, the synthesized Indolyl Aryl Sulfones, particularly compounds 23, 24, and 28, demonstrate significant potential as Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) against HIV. These results highlight the promising role of these compounds in developing novel NNRTIs for managing HIV infections.

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsHIV-1HIV Reverse TranscriptaseHydrazonesIndolesQuantitative Structure-Activity RelationshipReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsSulfonesHumansModels, MolecularMolecular Docking SimulationMolecular StructureAnti-HIV AgentsHIV Reverse TranscriptaseHydrazonesIndolesreverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1Reverse Transcriptase InhibitorsSulfones2D-QSARHIVIndolyl aryl sulfonesmolecular dockingmolecular dynamic simulations.NNRT inhibition

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