ArticleJournal of athletic training2025
Quadriceps-Strength-Testing Practices and Barriers During Return to Sport After ACL Reconstruction: A Survey of College Athletic Trainers.
Article in Journal of athletic training, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Single-Injection Liposomal Bupivacaine Adductor Canal Block for Pain Control and Recovery After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Double‑Blinded Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
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4 authors.
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Abstract
contextQuadriceps strength is a key outcome for guiding rehabilitation and return to sport-specific activities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery.
objective(1) Describe the quadriceps-strength-testing practices and barriers college athletic trainers (ATs) are using and experiencing when returning patients to sport-specific activities after ACLR. (2) Compare testing methods between college ATs working in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I setting and other college settings.
designCross-sectional study.
settingOnline survey. PATIENTS OR OTHER
participantsTwo hundred forty-three full-time collegiate ATs who had primarily overseen/directed an ACLR rehabilitation in the past 5 years (age = 34.8 ± 10.7 years, length of AT practice = 11.7 ± 9.3 years, NCAA Division I setting = 56%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Our survey included 4 sections: demographics, general ACLR rehabilitation practices, quadriceps-strength-testing methods and criteria, and quadriceps-strength-testing barriers.
resultsKnee-muscle strength was the most common (98%) outcome collegiate ATs used when determining whether an ACLR patient is ready to progress to sport-specific activities. Manual muscle testing was the most used testing method (57%), followed by isokinetic dynamometry (IKD) (48%), repetition maximum testing (35%) and handheld dynamometry (22%). Most ATs (63%-64%) used greater than 90% side-to-side symmetry as their return to sport-specific activities criterion. Lack of equipment needed (83%), lack of financial means (28%), and lack of training/education (20%) were the barriers that most limited ATs use of IKD testing, the gold standard testing method. Compared with ATs in other settings, a greater proportion of ATs working in the NCAA Division I setting used IKD testing (65% vs 28%) and a smaller proportion used manual muscle testing (47% vs 70%).
conclusionsAlthough almost all college ATs considered knee-muscle strength an important outcome to assess when returning patients to sport-specific activities after ACLR, quadriceps-strength-testing practices were highly variable among ATs and may be affected by access to necessary resources.
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