ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2024
Depressive self-focus bias following failure: an eye-tracking study among individuals with clinical depression.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Eye-Tracking Phenotypes Across the Depressive Spectrum: Joint Modeling of Diagnostic Group and Symptom Severity.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Multimodal behavioral phenotyping for depressive-spectrum classification and severity estimation using eye tracking, facial behavior, and transcript-derived language.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Deficit in attentional capture by social-value related conditioned stimuli - a new perspective to understand the social-reward learning disorders among individuals with depressive symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- A novel approach to depression detection using POV glasses and machine learning for multimodal analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: Depression is often characterized by a persistent sense of failure. Cognitive theories of depression suggest that depressed individuals may exhibit a maladaptive cognitive style, characterized by increased self-focus following personal failure. The validity of this proposition, however, is yet to be fully examined. This study aimed to identify the relation between symptoms in major depressive disorder and increased self-focus in failure situations. Methods: This clinical study involved a cohort of 30 patients diagnosed with and treated for depression. We used an eye-tracking paradigm to observe and analyze gaze direction - indicative of either self-focus or self-avoidance - after remembering a significant failure event. Results: Contrary to the maladaptive cognitive style hypothesis, a majority of the depressed participants demonstrated an inclination towards self-avoidance following failure. Nevertheless, approximately 30% of the patient group - those with the highest scores of guilt, punishment, and self-blame - displayed a self-focused attentional bias post-failure. Conclusions: The presence of a maladaptive self-focusing style may be confined to severely depressed patients with high levels of guilt, punishment, and self-blame. These findings could have substantial clinical implications, as attention bias modification interventions could be particularly beneficial for this subgroup of patients.
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