ArticleBMJ open sport & exercise medicine2024
Implementation of a mixed-methods heat acclimation programme in a professional soccer referee before the 2022 FIFA world cup in Qatar: a case study.
Article in BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Heat intolerance: the challenge of returning to duty post-exertional heatstroke.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
- The Welsh Institute of Performance Science: A Decade of Integrated Knowledge Translation in Elite Sport.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Objectives: This case study reports the real-world practicalities of implementing a mixed-methods heat acclimation (HA) programme before the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Methods: One male English soccer referee (age: 44 years; height: 1.82 m; body mass: 76.0 kg) who had officiated professionally for over 17 years and had over 10 years' experience officiating in European and international matches undertook an 11-session HA programme over 22 days. On days 1 and 22, a 30 min fixed-intensity heat tolerance test (9 km.h Results: Compared with the pre-test, peak core temperature reduced by 0.40°C (38.4 vs 38.0°C; minimal detectable change (MDC) = 0.34°C), peak skin temperature reduced by 0.5°C (36.7 vs 36.2°C; MDC=0.28°C) and peak heart rate reduced by 5 b·min Conclusion: The HA programme elicited positive physiological but indifferent perceptual responses, highlighting that mixed-methods HA can be implemented when a referee still has officiating, travel and training responsibilities during the HA window.
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