ReviewCancers2024
Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis as a Benign Condition Mimicking Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Current Status, Knowledge Gaps and Rationale for the GRAMAREG Study (EUBREAST-15).
Review in Cancers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and Tolerability of Methotrexate for Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The breast journal · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A scoping review to determine the quality and geography of the evidence base.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026Article
- Small-incision, point-by-point debridement combined with double-cannula negative-pressure irrigation and drainage for granulomatous mastitis: A single-center retrospective cohort study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Serum Defensins in Differentiating Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis from Breast Cancer-Defensins in Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis and Breast Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- A Pictorial Review on Mastitis: Clinical Aspects, Imaging Features and Complications.Journal of imaging · 2026Review
- Image-guided and surgical management of breast infections: Addressing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular Targeted Therapy for Chronic Non-Bacterial Mastitis: New Insights into Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of women's health · 2026Review
- From hypothesis to robust evidence in a nationwide multicenter case-control study on 1490 women: milk stasis and idiopathic granulomatous mastitis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development of a comprehensive dietary dataset for idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) patients and matched controls: protocol, implementation, and future directions for nutrition-based research.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Recurrent Granulomatous Mastitis in the Contralateral Breast Following Radical Mastectomy for Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review.BMC women's health · 2025Review
- Variability in Clinical Response to Steroids in Granulomatous Mastitis: A Report of Two Cases.Cureus · 2025Article
- Bilateral granulomatous mastitis associated with ductoscopy.Gland surgery · 2025Article
- [Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: report of 10 cases].The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a nomogram for differentiating granulomatous lobular mastitis from ductal carcinoma in situ.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIdiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare, benign inflammatory breast condition often mistaken for inflammatory breast cancer and, therefore, requires a biopsy for accurate diagnosis. Although not cancerous, IGM can cause emotional distress because of severe pain and ensuing breast deformity. Differentiating IGM from other breast inflammations caused by infections is essential. IGM mostly affects premenopausal women and is potentially associated with recent pregnancies and breastfeeding. The risk factors, including smoking and contraceptive use, have inconsistent associations. Steroid responses suggest an autoimmune component, though specific markers are lacking.
methodsWe performed a narrative review on potential risk factors, diagnostics, and therapy of IGM.
resultsDiagnostics and clinical management of IGM are challenging. The treatment options include NSAIDs, steroids, surgery, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, prolactin suppressants, and observation, each with varying effectiveness and side effects.
conclusionsCurrent IGM treatment evidence is limited, based on case reports and small series. There is no consensus on the optimal management strategy for this disease. The GRAMAREG study by the EUBREAST Study Group aims to collect comprehensive data on IGM to improve diagnostic and treatment guidelines. By enrolling patients with confirmed IGM, the study seeks to develop evidence-based recommendations, enhancing patient care and understanding of this condition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.