ReviewCancers2024
Meta-Analysis of Age, Sex, and Race Disparities in the Era of Contemporary Urothelial Carcinoma Treatment.
Review in Cancers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diversity and inclusivity in oncology: A narrative review and orientation for institutional measures in Germany.Translational oncology · 2025Review
- Prognostic immunotherapy score (PIS) in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab: real-world data and validation from ARON-2 dataset.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2025Article
- Clinical relevance of the somatic mutational landscaping in predicting outcome of bladder cancer patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUrothelial carcinoma (UC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed worldwide. However, minority populations, such as female, elder, and Black patients, may have disparate outcomes and are commonly neglected in randomized prospective trials. This review aims to study the relationship between age, sex, and race on urothelial cancer prognosis, particularly focusing on contemporary therapy and its effect on overall survival.
methodsPhase III prospective trials since 2016 of immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, or targeted therapies in urothelial carcinoma were identified from PubMed. Trials that did not report on survival by race, sex, or age distribution were excluded, and remaining trials (
resultsWomen were reported to have inferior OS on investigational agents compared to men in 9/17 trials. In a meta-analysis, women had inferior OS to men (OR 0.89 [95% CI: 0.78-0.99];
conclusionsWomen in UC trials may have inferior survival outcomes to men. Racial diversity was poor and thus limited any conclusions on survival disparities.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.