ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Glioblastoma and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Glance at Available Treatment Options and Future Directions.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Elevated BTLA Expression Correlates with an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and Defines Dysfunctional Circulating T Cells in Human Glioblastoma.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dual-Function Lipid-Based Nanovector Strategy for Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: STING Activation and M1 Microglia Polarization.Drug development research · 2026Review
- Berberine enhances cisplatin efficacy in ehrlich ascites carcinoma via modulation of apoptotic pathway and efferocytosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Empowering exhausted T cells of Glioblastoma patients by Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides: decreasing immune checkpoint inhibitors, and increasing CD3zeta, proliferation and Glioblastoma arrest.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Meningeal immunity and "Interstitial" therapy: a new paradigm for immunotherapy in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Antibody therapies in glioblastoma: Overcoming micro-environmental barriers.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Dichloroacetate nanoparticles and doxorubicin combinatorial treatment augment the hepato-renal function in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Current strategies and novel immunotherapeutic approaches for overcoming immune resistance in glioblastoma.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Review
- Overcoming temozolomide resistance in glioma: recent advances and mechanistic insights.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Review
- Understanding Neovascularization in Glioblastoma: Insights from the Current Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Harnessing innate immunity against glioblastoma microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma is known to be one of the most aggressive and fatal human cancers, with a poor prognosis and resistance to standard treatments. In the last few years, many solid tumor treatments have been revolutionized with the help of immunotherapy. However, this type of treatment has failed to improve the results in glioblastoma patients. Effective immunotherapeutic strategies may be developed after understanding how glioblastoma achieves tumor-mediated immune suppression in both local and systemic landscapes. Biomarkers may help identify patients most likely to benefit from this type of treatment. In this review, we discuss the use of immunotherapy in glioblastoma, with an emphasis on immune checkpoint inhibitors and the factors that influence clinical response. A Pubmed data search was performed for all existing information regarding immune checkpoint inhibitors used for the treatment of glioblastoma. All data evaluating the ongoing clinical trials involving the use of ICIs either as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs was compiled and analyzed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.