ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Refractory Celiac Disease: What the Gastroenterologist Should Know.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Refractory Celiac Disease: Nutritional Failure, Immune Dysregulation, and Lymphomagenesis.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Gluten Catastrophe: A Fatal Case of Refractory Celiac Disease Type 2.ACG case reports journal · 2026Article
- Pharmacological targeting of the JAK-STAT pathway: new concepts and emerging indications.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Diagnostic clues in patients with clinical malabsorption and pathological small intestinal villous atrophy: Immune-mediated type and beyond.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Unraveling the Complexity of Celiac Disease: A Narrative Review of Its Multisystem Nature.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Innate immune dysregulation in celiac disease and refractory celiac disease: mechanisms, management and emerging therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Risk of malignancy and surveillance of premalignant gastrointestinal lesions in adult celiac disease.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Rethinking Celiac Disease Management: Treatment Approaches Beyond the Gluten-Free Diet.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Efficacy of Large Language Models in Providing Evidence-Based Patient Education for Celiac Disease: A Comparative Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Estimating the costs of delayed Celiac disease diagnosis.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fewer than 1% of patients with celiac disease (CD) will develop refractory CD (RCD). As such, most gastroenterologists might never need to manage patients with RCD. However, all gastroenterologists must be familiarized with the basic concepts of RCD and non-responsive CD (NRCD), since it can present as a severe disease with high mortality, not only due to intestinal failure, but also due to progression to enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma (EATL) and a higher susceptibility to life-threatening infections. The diagnostic workup and differential diagnosis with other causes of gastrointestinal symptoms and villous atrophy, as well as the differentiation between type I and II RCD, are complex, and may require specialized laboratories and reference hospitals. Immunosuppression is efficient in the milder RCDI; however, the treatment of RCDII falls short, with current options probably only providing transient clinical improvement and delaying EATL development. This review summarizes the current diagnostic and therapeutic approach for patients with RCD that all doctors that manage patients with CD should know.
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Registered trials
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