ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2024
Biofilm Formation, Antibiotic Resistance, and Infection (BARI): The Triangle of Death.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Topical antibiotic powder reduces fracture-related infections in pelvic and lower limb fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2026Pooled it
- Deciphering microbial biofilm: mechanism, infection, and advanced approaches for control.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Two-Year Follow-Up Shows Gentamicin-Coated Tibial Nails Reduce Infection Rates in Open Tibial Fractures.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Protein-based nanoparticles for antimicrobial and cancer therapy: implications for public health.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Structural characteristics, functions, and counteracting strategies of biofilms inComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Review
- In Vitro and In Vivo Translational Insights into the Intraoperative Use of Antiseptics and Lavage Solutions Against Microorganisms Causing Orthopedic Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fracture-related infection (FRI) is a devastating event, directly affecting fracture healing, impairing patient function, prolonging treatment, and increasing healthcare costs. Time plays a decisive role in prognosis, as biofilm maturation leads to the development of antibiotic resistance, potentially contributing to infection chronicity and increasing morbidity and mortality. Research exploring the association between biofilm maturation and antibiotic resistance in orthopaedics primarily addresses aspects related to quality of life and physical function; however, little exists on life-threatening conditions and mortality. Understanding the intrinsic relationship between biofilm maturation, bacterial resistance, and mortality is critical in all fields of medicine. In the herein narrative review, we summarize recent evidence regarding biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and infection chronicity (BARI), the three basic components of the "triangle of death" of FRI, and its implications. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative prevention strategies to avoid the "triangle of death" of FRI are presented and discussed. Additionally, the importance of the orthopaedic trauma surgeon in understanding new tools to combat infections related to orthopaedic devices is highlighted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.